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Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,
I was using an audio adaptor in the audio socket of my XDA. Unfortunately a small piece of this adaptor has broken off and I can't get it out of the audio socket. This means that the XDA always thinks that the handsfree is plugged in I can't get any audio in or out. And I cannot use the adaptor or handsfree in the audio socket. The XDA all works apart from no audio in or out.
I sent the XDA off to Accord in Melbourne which is the only XDA repair centre in Australia as listed on the O2 website. They charged me a $45 inspection fee and told me that the only way they can fix the problem is by replacing the whole mainboard. They quoted this at $1350!
I am obviously after a cheaper soloution and I hope there is someone in Sydney who can help me out or atleast point me in the right direction.
Very frustrated. Please email me or reply with any suggestions.
Andrew.
A colleague of mine has the same problem. He dropped his xda while the headphone was inserted. The headphone connector broke and remained in the socket. I opened up the xda and it seems impossible to get the connector out. There is no way of pushing it out through the other side. I think you do have to get a new mainboard. Only thing you can try is putting some super glue on the tip of the remaining part and insert it into the socket. Maybe you can pull it out. I didn't try this though.
Hi everyone, just my 2 cents ...
I've found 2 websites that manufacture & sell 4-pole 2.5mm headphone connectors (socket type) that resemble the one in the XDA itself but I'm not sure whether you can replace the broken socket yourself ...
http://www.smk.co.jp/whatsnew_e/651kk_e.html
http://www.suyin-europe.com/pdf/mob...o_connector/audio 2.5mm/010007FR005SX02ZL.pdf
The 2nd URL came from this page:
http://www.suyin-europe.com/products_mobileapplications_audio25.htm
The item is one of those called "Earphone jack SMD 4-pole + normal close switch ..."
I'm also looking for 1, if anybody comes across this in Maplin UK or some other website, let me know, thanks ...
i've never seen the insides of an xda or the audio plug,
but that glue trick might work
or, get a pin, hold it with a plier, heat it up
and stick the audio plug with it,
if there is any plastic in it it should melt and stick to pin
then pull the pin.
i dunno... it might work.
are you sure you cant push the pin back out if you open the xda?
If I'm not wrong, the headphone connector of the XDA looks like 1 of those 2 connectors from Suyin Europe or SMK Japan, and so I think there isn't any hole on the "internal side" of the socket by which the stuck connector can be pushed out from ...
anyone get hold of a 3.5mm socket liek that? i wouldnt mind opening my xda up and soldering a 3.5mmone in as 2.5mm is stupid lol
gaz
Audio socket solution?
Hi
I had a similar problem, except that a piece of the headphone plug wasnt stuck inside - what happened in my case was that one of the connectors in the socket got permanantly shorted with another, making the XDA think that the headphone was on all the time.
I tried fiddling around with a paper pin to try and prise the shorted piece loose, but noticed that at certain points when the paper pin was touching all the pins in the socket the xda would actually become vocal all of a sudden.
So I took the same paper pin, bent it into a sort of 'u' shape (very very close) and jammed it into the audio socket, effectively shorting all the contacts inside.
Presto, it worked ! Of couse, since I have a paper pin stuck inside I can no longer use my headphone (till I find another socket somewhere), but at least I can use my XDA !!!!!!!! No problems in voice clarity, either.
gazzaman2k said:
anyone get hold of a 3.5mm socket liek that? i wouldnt mind opening my xda up and soldering a 3.5mmone in as 2.5mm is stupid lol
gaz
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm able to obtain 3.5mm 4-pole sockets from quite a number of shops that sell electronic components here in Singapore so you should be able to get some from UK, but I guess the "space" on the motherboard of the XDA is only big enough for the 2.5mm socket as the 3.5mm socket is slightly bigger in size; furthermore, the hole near the bottom-right of the XDA is only big enough for a 2.5mm socket so .......
ill drill it lol
Will these work with the 9090?
.125-inch minijack plug -- so do I need something like the 2.5mm Headset/3.5mm Audio Headphone Adapter shown at http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Pr...t_ID=PPCPADPT16
or this http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Pr...t_ID=PPCPADPT15
.125 inches though is only 3.175 mm so I'm confused/worried.
Thanks.
Doug
None of ur links opened for me. however I got this 2.5 to 3.5 converter for headphones and I use sony headsets the one u mentioned. there r two adapters on this site for pda2k/9090.
http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Product_ID=PPCPADPT16
http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Product_ID=PPCPADPT15
websparc said:
None of ur links opened for me. however I got this 2.5 to 3.5 converter for headphones and I use sony headsets the one u mentioned. there r two adapters on this site for pda2k/9090.
http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Product_ID=PPCPADPT16
http://www.pocketpctechs.com/detail.asp?Product_ID=PPCPADPT15
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. I'm still a bit confused, which one do I need? Or if they both work, what's the functional difference.
I've only tried the headset that comes with it briefly, but it's not bad - and it's stereo.
Thanks.
Doug
I've just ordered from this website. Its a tonne cheaper and charges $5 only for shipping.
http://pc-mobile.net/xda.htm
The headset adapter will work for both XDA, XDA2 and XDA 2 mini. unless of course you need the answer button function.
:lol: :lol:
ant said:
I've just ordered from this website. Its a tonne cheaper and charges $5 only for shipping.
http://pc-mobile.net/xda.htm
The headset adapter will work for both XDA, XDA2 and XDA 2 mini. unless of course you need the answer button function.
:lol: :lol:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I presume you got the $5.65 ones. I've also just found out that the M2000 and presumably all Blue Angels have reversed polarity and a standard adapter won't work, but someone named Dade says:
"If you plug in the adapter to the M2000 and pull it out slightly (About 2mm) then you start getting sound from both channels. The problem is that the plug keeps going back in and the sound returns to mono.
The solution is simple. Get a BIC biro and take the small ink tube out of it. Cut a piece of the clear tube about 2mm long and slide this over the 2.5mm plug. This stops the pug going in too far. (See my photo)
Im sure that this wont cause a problem with the handset but as per usual do this at your own risk."
I'll give that a try once I got the adapters.
:lol:
Works like a charm!! Tested to work on Qtek 1010, 2020 and S100. minus the answer button and mic. of course. but no bic pen method needed. :lol: :lol:
My Sony EX71 Headphones
Hi, I desoldered my headphones & resoldered them onto my MDA III headset, works perfect & sounds great.... 8)
Re: My Sony EX71 Headphones
chris.k said:
Hi, I desoldered my headphones & resoldered them onto my MDA III headset, works perfect & sounds great.... 8)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hmmm I can't say i want to "mutilate" my relatively expensive EX71 phones just to fit into my XDA 11s. I still need the phones for my Sony NW HD3 Mp3 player!!!
For a few ££ I've gone for the alternative fix which is getting the 4 conductor PPC (PPCPADPT15) 2.5mm jack to 3.5mm stereo headphone jack. Job done!
Re: My Sony EX71 Headphones
chris.k said:
Hi, I desoldered my headphones & resoldered them onto my MDA III headset, works perfect & sounds great.... 8)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I was thinking of doing that. Did you solder them at the mic, in the earbuds, or inline?
EX 71
hi Given,
i desoldered the origional headphones from the insides of the ear pieces,then carefully opened up my ex71's and soldered the wire ends directly to the 71's.
the 71's will come apart,just small amount of glue holding them together.but carefully does it.& make sure the phasing is correct,ie + to + & - to -.
hope this helps, chris....
Hi all,
I finally got bored and went one stage further. I desoldered the earphones from my original headset and wired an in line headphone socket (3.5mm) so that I can pug any headphones I like into the headset.
But best of all I can plug in my irock FM transmitter and use it to relay all the audio from satnav/mp3/movies ets to my car stereo and as the microphone is still on the cable I can use it for handsfree...Hooray!!!
Cheers
Pointy
hi pointything mind giving instruction on how you did it? best with pictures Thanks!
Re: EX 71
chris.k said:
hi Given,
i desoldered the origional headphones from the insides of the ear pieces,then carefully opened up my ex71's and soldered the wire ends directly to the 71's.
the 71's will come apart,just small amount of glue holding them together.but carefully does it.& make sure the phasing is correct,ie + to + & - to -.
hope this helps, chris....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've just done this as well. First remove the rubber ear piece.
You need to open up the ear piece by sliding a knife around the edge of the rubbery stuff nearest the ear. This is the same bit that forms the cable shroud. With mine, there was glue for about 1/3rd of the rim.
Then you need to prise the metal speaker out of the plastic. I did this with a knife. Snip off the wires for the Sony leads. Thread the wire from the headset through the cable shroud. With my MDA Vario headset this cable has a woven outer sleeve. I wrapped that in a little sellotape to stop it from unwinding as I pushed it through.
Once the wire is passed through, tie a knot in it to give some shock protection. Trim the ends of the wire and spread the two ends apart. With the Sony earpiece wires one was green and the other was bare copper. The headset wires were red/green and green so I joined the green to the green and the red/green to the bare copper terminal. A small soldering iron will help.
I soldered a socket into the headphones supplied with the BA, but found it gave unequal sound.. one side was muffled. As such, i bought one of the ones listed above.. a lot less messsy too :-D
For those of you who have grounded pin 19 to get sound out via bottom connector, have you seen this site which sells proper car kits for the blueangel
http://www.thb.de/index.html?lang=en
Note the bit at the bottom of the MDAIII car kit about wavedev.dll, could this be the solution to all sound out via bottom connector?
could someone who has already got pin 19 wired up test this before i bastadise my cradle with wiring of XDA II
Audio out at bottom connector
Hi,
I have just finished my work.
I have grounded pin 19 via 10K resistor and then installed wavedev.dll from the site http://www.thb.de
Now it works well. Internal mic and audio are switched to pins 1 (mic) and 3,4 (audio). I have connected the MDA III via bottom connector to my motorcycle intercom and now I can hear all instructions of my navigate software as well I can telefone with my helmet on.
I had tried it before without THBs wavedev.dll and it was only possible to use the telefone function. MP3s and navigate instructions couldn't been heard.
greetings bombur
So are the pin outs the same as the XDAII? if not could you please provide the full pin out, including power and ground
Hi,
yes, the pin layout seems to be the same as XDAII, MDAII (himalaya).
I have been fooling around with this for months now... to what did you ground pin19?
Thanks,
Dutch
I groudeed it via 10 resitor to pins 16,17,18.
But without the wavedev.dll from http://www.thb-service.de/download/MDAIII/Wavedev.dll there is no chance to get audio output from mediaplayer ond so on.
regards
Cheers! I've downloaded the .dll as well. Nice finding!
Did you do anything with PIN5 (ANALOG GND)?
Thanks,
Dutch
I connected it with audio-
Pins 3 and 4 are audi+
regards
I've tryed using this wavedev.dll to see if i've got any luck sending audio (mediaplayer. tom tom etc) to my bluetooth headset but doesn't work... Just tought it could be something with routing the audio...
I've tryed using this wavedev.dll to see if i've got any luck sending audio (mediaplayer. tom tom etc) to my bluetooth headset but doesn't work... Just tought it could be something with routing the audio...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have come across a thread which described a registry hack to output tomtom GPS Sounds etc to a bluetooth headset, but i cannot find it again, but this thread in another forum backs my thinking up http://www.mtekk.com.au/forums/viewtopic.php?p=24624 you should root around the google, it is only on one of three sites, this one, MoDaCo or Mtekk but i know its possible at least
Can you make me one?
I have a PPC6600 (PDA2k, XDAIIs, etc.) and I have a couple questions...
When you unhook the bottom connector from your phone, does the audio go back to the internal speaker and microphone?
Also, when the bottom connector is plugged in, what takes precedence, your bluetooth headset or the bottom connector's audio?
Last, if I paid you could you make me a cable that would have the connector that would feed to :
3.5mm Microphone Plug
3.5mm Stereo Audio Plug
Radio Mute Plug (pin 12 supposedly?)
Power?
My vehicle's radio supports RCA feeds and Radio Mutes, and I would LOVE to get this hooked up...
Lastly, is it possible to pipe out video through the connector? (Just thinking about the XDAII backpack...)
Thanks,
Ryan
[email protected]
Hi rleestma,
>When you unhook the bottom connector from your phone, does the audio go back to the internal speaker and microphone? <
Yes internal speeker and mic are turned on when the connector is unhooked.
>Also, when the bottom connector is plugged in, what takes precedence, your bluetooth headset or the bottom connector's audio? <
Bluetooth headset is preferred, the external speeker works but microfone is only used from bluetooth headset.
>Last, if I paid you could you make me a cable that would have the connector that would feed to :
3.5mm Microphone Plug
3.5mm Stereo Audio Plug
Radio Mute Plug (pin 12 supposedly?)
Power? <
The answer is no. I'm glad, that my connector works. But until this I had disturbed 3 connectors because of my very small experiences in soldering.
I think that every TV or radio store could help you when you tell them the pin layout and how to groud the pin 19.
>Lastly, is it possible to pipe out video through the connector? (Just thinking about the XDA II backpack...)<
I don't have any idea how video can be piped out through the connector.
regards
Hans-Dieter
Thank you... Maybe a few more quesitons?
Thanks for the info!
Perhaps a few more questions then?
Where did you find these parts?
1. XDAIII connector
2. Wire to solder in connector
Secondly, do you have some type of diagram layout and parts list for resistors, power, etc.?
I also have very little experience doing this type of thing, but this is EXACTLY what I need for my little project...
Thank you for your help in advance!
Ryan
Questions on Schematic
Hey there...
when grounding the Car_ON (pin 19) through a 10k resistor, which pin did you ground it to? Was it 15, 16, or 17? The reason I ask is that it seems that incoming power ground needs to be on 15, 17, and 18, so does that mean that the CAR_ON needs to be sent to pin 16?
See what I mean here...
http://wiki.xda-developers.com/index.php?pagename=Connectors
Thanks,
Ryan
Hi,
I bought this connector http://www.haid-services.de/pi-680482093.htm?categoryId=49 .
The Cable and the resistor I got in a tv shop.
One pole of the resitor you have to solder to pin 19 and the other pole must be soldered to pin 16, 17 and 18.
Don't use pin 15 for ground from the car charger. It's only used for USB cable.
regards
Yes, I saw that you soldered pin 19 to pins 16, 17, and 18, but the problem is that the positive lead ties into 19, 21, and 22...
So, with that being said, i have two questions... Did you tie power into your setup? If so, then...
1. Do I tie in the positive lead from the car charger into pin 19 at all because it's going to be grounded out?
2. Do I tie in the negative lead from the car charger into all the pins, or only the ones that aren't being tied back into 19?
If you have an example that you used the worked that would be STUPENDOUS... I feel like I just need to have this quesiton answered and I'll be good to go...
Ryan
Can I use this connector, or do I need to use the other one from you?
http://store.yahoo.com/gomadic-new/ipconplug38s.html
Again, if you used power, can you let me know what pins you tied into the positive and negative? maybe a diagram?
Ry
Hi rleestma,
have a look at http://wiki.xda-developers.com/wiki/Connectors
There you can see that pins 20,21,22 are power+ and pins 16,17,18 are ground. Now connect now solder a 10k resitor between pin 19 and (16,17,18) and it should work.
But only if you download the wavedev.dll from www.thb.de
regards
wiring question
last question...
when you were wiring yours up, did you jump 19 right at the connector or did you run everything back to the opposite end of the cable and then run the 10k resistor?
Also, did you tie in the car charger's negative and all the negative pins together at the other end of the cable, or did you run one negative wire to the connector and then split it there? same for the positive...
thanks!
ryan
Hi,
the resistant fits in the connector, so there is no need to use an extra wire to connect it outside to the ground.
I connected the the pins together with solder in the connector.
regards
Hi there, I have a 2nd hand Blue Angel, and after looking continuously over the pda could not find the headphones jack, as the auctions I looked at said 2.5mm > 3.5mm, so finally found out i'm missing the lil jack thingy.
Am looking to purchase the jack for the bottom of the pda
Please PM me as I will probably not see this thread all the time.
Question: is there a funny usb little plug that goes in the bottom (into this plugs your headphones)? well this what i need.
cheers!
IIRC, the headphone socket is on the top left of the BA. It'll have a little rubber dust cover on top of it.
It isn't a standard 3.5mm socket though, so either get the smaller (2.5mm?) headset or get an adaptor so you can use 3.5mm headphones.
I've got a BA stereo handsfree kit for sale here...
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=497241
yes, it is 2.5 mm, since mine broke the other day i also researched a bit and found out that adaptors don't really work, we had this discussion in this forum before, the connector layout of the ba's plug is not standard, so if you take an adaptor, you probably won't have the full comfort of an original headset, like proper stereo, ptt..., maybe the mic won't even work. there are also a lot of other branded headsets out there, that seem to have 2.5mm and 4 connectors. so always test handsfrees before buying
HA! great stuff, it was hiding lol, I swear I went over the device numerous times searching, then just assumed there was an adaptor for the bottom (where the dock plugs into- the usb type thing).
thanks guys,
Hello i have a eonon car stereo running android 444 fuse rom i can only pick up 3 stations and they sometimes loose reception ive tried an amplifier and new eariel but with no luck any suggestions would be great.
I'd double check your harness connector to the oem antenna. Their was a pin loose on mine and once I bent the retention tabs back out and reinstalled the connection was much stronger.
Geekybiker said:
I'd double check your harness connector to the oem antenna. Their was a pin loose on mine and once I bent the retention tabs back out and reinstalled the connection was much stronger.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its a Renault Megane and is just a standard connector.
Im now beginning to think its the components on the motherboard as the closer i get to the sauce eg: im from Wigan were Wish FM is broadcast if i drive past the studio its crystal clear same with Key 103 in Manchester. I think the radio chip on these is crap.
I think you need a power injector, because the antenna is active and needs power to work correctly. Just put the power injector between the radio and the antenna and connect the blue cable with the AMP or ANT cable of the radio harness...
Gesendet von meinem D6503 mit Tapatalk
I've had the same issue and solved it fortunately.
My Unit is a Joying RK3188 and came with a defect dual input power injector.
Easy steps to identify: At the output of these injectors (called 'phantomspeisung' in german) you sould measue 12V DC. These 12VDC sent over the 2pol antenna cable are for the antenna built in amplifier.
1st: I replaced the power injector with a diversity injector. Google for "Diversity Adapter 204.086-0) www.rta-online.com
2nd: Additionally to my amplified roof antenna I bought a second amplified antenna at amazon
http://www.amazon.de/Baseline-Conne...enne+AM,FM,+inkl.+Verstärker,+FAKRA-Stecker+F
Both together I've a really good reception now.
The diversity adapater really makes it's job. I is a littel high in price but worth at all.
Try putting some electrical tape around the Motorola male antenna plug at the head unit. What you are trying to accomplish is to insulate the area where the head unit housing may be in close contact with the plug. Takes a few seconds to try.
pounce said:
Try putting some electrical tape around the Motorola male antenna plug at the head unit. What you are trying to accomplish is to insulate the area where the head unit housing may be in close contact with the plug. Takes a few seconds to try.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
...that's excatly what provided the very worst reception ever to me... So I looked around (tried a lot and spend some bucks on some useless amplifiers) and finally found the solution from my previous post. It works.
markusmuster said:
...that's excatly what provided the very worst reception ever to me... So I looked around (tried a lot and spend some bucks on some useless amplifiers) and finally found the solution from my previous post. It works.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If putting insulating tape just around the plug where it would touch the housing (and not where the actual plug needs to mate up) gave you worse reception... you did something wrong.
I was under the impression that these units had issues with the software ( or hardware) or this is what I am told.
See here or am I mistaken?
dazza007 said:
I was under the impression that these units had issues with the software ( or hardware) or this is what I am told.
See here or am I mistaken?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its possible you are mistaken. The OP in this thread didn't provide any hardware specific details. Instead we know only version of android.
My units have no problem with radio reception, but I can simulate a problem if the connector touching the housing and impacting reception.
Other issues are not connecting the power to a stock antenna from the head unit when you install it. Even if you don't have an antenna that goes up and down you can have an amplified antenna. If you don't power it you don't get good reception. it can be something that is missed with wiring up the harness.
Yes, you can also have hardware problems, but its easy to rule out the external issues first before calling the unit the problem.
pounce said:
Its possible you are mistaken. The OP in this thread didn't provide any hardware specific details. Instead we know only version of android.
My units have no problem with radio reception, but I can simulate a problem if the connector touching the housing and impacting reception.
Other issues are not connecting the power to a stock antenna from the head unit when you install it. Even if you don't have an antenna that goes up and down you can have an amplified antenna. If you don't power it you don't get good reception. it can be something that is missed with wiring up the harness.
Yes, you can also have hardware problems, but its easy to rule out the external issues first before calling the unit the problem.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
When you quote "my units have no problem," what software and hardware do you have in each, which motherboard, radio chip, etc etc
I part of me would like to believe that insulation is a problem here, but guys on the Russian forums have replaced capacitors to improve reception.
dazza007 said:
When you quote "my units have no problem," what software and hardware do you have in each, which motherboard, radio chip, etc etc
I part of me would like to believe that insulation is a problem here, but guys on the Russian forums have replaced capacitors to improve reception.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have Joying units. One of the 10.1" universal units with 3188 and a 7" universal unit with 3188. No idea about the specifics of the chips.
If you have a specific hardware unit that people are complaining about then you may have a problem with that unit from that manufacturer. That's realistic, but try the other tests first before performing surgery.
Problem is most likely a internal problem with the ground of the antenna input. This was the problem with my unit.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=55279871&postcount=3266
...
This is great. It really helps illustrate how people are interpret things differently.
You have put too much tape on the connector. You have essentially broken the connection by entirely covering the outer connector. It may not be been obvious to you that a motorola antenna connector needs contact on the pointy post and the outer shell.
What you wanted to do I carefully put just a little tape on the plug where is could touch the case of the unit in a circumstance where the alignment of the female connector inside the case attached to the PCB isn't perfectly centered for the case hole. When things are out of alignment there tends to be a connection between between case and the outer shell of the connector. When these things touch it can negatively impact reception.
Hehe... I made this photos this morning with an unused plug just to illustrate. I know that the connection is broken when insulated and also the it's impossible to work this way.
I also read several threads about that "put some tape on it" thing and heard dozens of interpretations.
A picture tells more than some thousand words.
To clarify that to all of us: Please be so kind and make some photos !
Thanks in advance!
markusmuster said:
Hehe... I made this photos this morning with an unused plug just to illustrate.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
To illustrate how you did it?
I know that the connection is broken when insulated and also the it's impossible to work this way.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So did you do it correctly when you tried it on your unit or are you saying this now to show the mistake and now you understand you need just a little bit of tape like mentioned up thread?
pounce said:
To illustrate how you did it?
So did you do it correctly when you tried it on your unit or are you saying this now to show the mistake and now you understand you need just a little bit of tape like mentioned up thread?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You might have a grounding issue if you are having to do that. I believe another member noticed that the outer part of the antenna socket is internally grounded with a little bit of solder and some foil, he had noticed that the foil had become disconnected meaning the outer part of the socket was no longer properly grounded, insulating the plug like you have done would help in that situation, but it isn't the correct fix, regrounding the socket is.
jakejm79 said:
You might have a grounding issue if you are having to do that. I believe another member noticed that the outer part of the antenna socket is internally grounded with a little bit of solder and some foil, he had noticed that the foil had become disconnected meaning the outer part of the socket was no longer properly grounded, insulating the plug like you have done would help in that situation, but it isn't the correct fix, regrounding the socket is.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You may have read up thread.
1) Check the connections like power for the antenna if you have that
2) check the plug to see if its contacting the case. Tape as needed.
3) Open the case and validate the connection to the female socket on the PCB.
4) Check your MCU firmware
5) Try another unit
This whole tape thing has me so confused. The outer shell of the Motorola plug has to touch the casing for earthing doesn't it? Yet you are saying to tape up only the bits that are touching the casing.
Totally confused.
Can someone put up a picture of what is the right way to tape it please.
I would have done exactly the same as markusmuster has in the pics.
Thanks