UrukDroid (Android) - developers ONLY thread - Gen8 Android Development

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This thread is created for developers and developing of UrukDroid ONLY.
UrukDroid is alternative Android distribution, based on original Archos OS for Archos GEN8 tablets.
Please do not write here questions about installing UrukDroid on tablet - you can do it in default post - here.
All post violating above rule will be deleted.
This thread is created for:
manage people and dividing work
plan new releases
plan new features
help between developers
gain knowledge, materials
feature proposals by users
Things we are currently working on:
Sauron: memory I/O tuning
cheefy: backup script
Sauron: upgrade/install scripts
chulri: dvb support
What informations are we looking for:
How to prevent Android from going sleep on system level?
Format of bootlogo and initlogo.rle on Gen8 (we are aware of rgb2565 converter etc., but with no luck on Archos yet - I've tried different bit settings 4/8/16/24 and resolutions 200x480, 800x480 - Sauron)
Repository for binary and source releases is currently available here.

Links to other materials that can be usefull in future
Things to do
check ADB over USB problem - and fix
give a better look at mounting disk from Archos over USB (does not work)
prepare and maintain FAQ
check how we can use QUI/QUID (can be checked rescue initramfs) to write messages on boot time
dalvik cheap/stack tuning - memory tuning
backport And. 2.3/3.0 features
Proposed new features by users
dvb-t support (http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=871391)

For future use...
For future use...

Developers
Hey, I would like to help, I have an A70, PM back with something I could do, Im not an android expert but I have some linux and development knowledge, and I'm willing to learn and help as muchs as I can.
Thanks!

Well after reading up on some more Motorola ROMs it seems they modified the dalvik heap size.
Did some quick googling on that, turns out other ROMs do it too, perhaps we could play around with it as well.
The maximum events per second for the windowmanager should help with smoother scrolling ~ also something the motorola ROMs adopted.
Source: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=815595
as posted on the original Uruk thread
Perhaps the camera can be hacked up a bit as well ~ although I haven't looked into any of this as I'm to busy at the moment !
As for extra tools, tcpdump and vim instead of vi might be helpful for some.
Removing the Telephony.apk and Phone.apk by default in Uruk would be an easy performance addition, Nook users can vouch for an increase in battery life. People have also started mentioning the lack of a
I've had questions on IPv6 support for Google Goggles too although I don't know if this is worth it.
Also could you post the exact location on those bootlogo files so more people can look into it^^.
I won't be as active now as I have exams coming up though I'll do whatever I can to help.

Hi Guys,
I'm not a developer by any means and am just learning Linux, and about the Android frameworks. I'll gladly help in any way possible, but for now I can only research and post what I find for you to look at. That being said, here are a few sources for changing heap sizes in the build.prop.
General Dalvik heap discussion - http://groups.google.com/group/android-platform/browse_thread/thread/ef329096b0dcca94?pli=1
More details from Cyanogen (I found this most helpful and is probably most relevant to what you guys are doing) - http://ryanolson.wordpress.com/2010...ory-per-vm-heap-can-effect-your-rom-cyanogen/
Increasing helps window transitions but takes away RAM - http://www.droidforums.net/forum/droid-hacks/105712-change-dalvik-heap-size.html

3G USB dongles support
I'm planing to start trying to make Huawei 3G dongles work in a next couple of days. Have some expirience with them on linux, along with some expirience in administering linux machines. I'll post results as soon I have some.

xnatex21 or escoriaa - anyone of You (or both ) is willing to create and maintain FAQ (if it's not you could like - no problem - it should be fun ).
Tzbob - how can we merge changes of your OC version kernel? I can probably do it if you don't have time - but you should provide me source + .config file.
I don't get "Also could you post the exact location on those bootlogo files so more people can look into it^^." - you mean source of the image I use, or source of materials how to create Android Logo?
Apps: I'll add tcpdump and vim - no problem, and remove telephony stuff (I wonder why Archos put them anyway). I've added in 0.4 Google Apps (market etc.).
Speed: I'm now playing not with memory managers, IO managers and task managers (kernel stuff).
I do not like especially Java (it's like appendix (Vermiform appendix) to me - everyone have it, but why... ) - so as I wrote in my thread - someone should check current dalvik settings and try to change them (It's mostly in /init.rc script - so changing should be easy).
DVB-T: that's what I looked, it's quite enough to compile in modules (what I've already done) but requires some settings, I'll probably try to play with it when my USB OTG cable will arrive - but if someone is willing play with it earlier
And one more thing - is there any UI/GFX tool on Android that allows to build configuration interface (reads some GUI/menu definitions, and sets some text file/database switches) - we can do it on browser, but I'm not sure if it's best way.
I wanted also to ask you - does the installation procedure should be easier - or it's easy enough? I can make it a bit simpler, and try to work on some scripting. The easiest way would be to make images (I already have them) - that can be installed on SD card in one step, but it would make installation to be a fresh Archos (no copied app from /data) - how to you think?

As I posted in the original thread, i should be able to help with the backup script, unfortunately just on a bash basis.
The configuration UI could be integrated in the standard config menu of android as they do in the cm mod. as mentioned above i don't speak any java but i can find the apk which is responsible.
The copying of the data to data.new could be automated after first boot by putting a startup script, which does that and erases itself after finishing. how do you think about that?
How about integrating the smartass governor of nadlabak? i might ask him about changes to make and chance to get it running.
I think i will try to integrate some gingerbread features like keyboard,themes and if possible launcher to my urukdroid. but it is up to you if you want to integrate that generally... (edit keyboard works already fine)
i'm very willing to help here!
as mentioned i'm kind of a linux pro digging into android for some weeks now

I'd like to help where possible

I've listed in second post, things that need to be addressed by someone. So feel free to choose one (or more ).
cheefy: do you have any idea how to do this backups? I know it can be done by tar - but it seams a bit lame. It will allow to get back in time - but perhaps we can use some linux tools or even some rsync stuff to do it incrementally.
nenadr: those 3d dongles will require some some ppp stuff - this what's inside Android already is enought, or I should add some wvdial or something (I guess I can add some serial USB modems to - be default in kernel).

$aur0n said:
dvb-t support (http://forum.xda-developers.com/show...ighlight=dvb-t)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
broken link
dvb-t support -> http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=871391

I've cut/past from user proposal so ... - changed.
Anyway - want take care of it?
I can compile all/some dvb modules by default (i've seen you've made some backporting of newer mods). I can also help porting some C programs from Linux side - can't help with java - I'm kind of allergic to it

for the backup things: tar itself has an update option for incremental archives. i will check the speed these days. do you have something like a script yet?
for backporting 2.3 stuff: i have a working GB-Keyboard here, the Launcher is working too, but it has just a 4by4 Grid and so the Archos-Widgets including the energy-widget dont work. I was not able yet to modify it to a 5by5 grid.

@$aur0n maybe it's best to wait until I've done at least v0.6 or even v0.7 (see Roadmap) before integrating it into urukdroid.
I'll develop the dvb thing with regard to the simple tmpfs-root-trick of dogmaphobia because it's way easier to install and test but this should be compatible with urukdroid.
and I'm definitly the man to talk to with regard to the dvb-t project
of course you can build modules for urukdroid, but I think the standard modules I've built should be compatible.
you can find the linux.config and the kernel patches for mc44s803 driver in my svn repository: archos-gen8-dvb/trunk/sources
more backporting patches will follow.
also prebuilt modules and firmwares can be found there:
- archos-gen8-dvb/trunk/package/mod
- archos-gen8-dvb/trunk/package/fw

cheefy said:
for the backup things: tar itself has an update option for incremental archives. i will check the speed these days. do you have something like a script yet?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope - i haven't created any backup script yet - just I've been using tar.
for backporting 2.3 stuff: i have a working GB-Keyboard here, the Launcher is working too, but it has just a 4by4 Grid and so the Archos-Widgets including the energy-widget dont work. I was not able yet to modify it to a 5by5 grid.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Keyboard is working - I don't know if there is need to put it be default since it's in market for free.
And we have plenty better launchers (Zeam, Pro and xda) - i'm not sure if it's needed.

$aur0n said:
nenadr: those 3d dongles will require some some ppp stuff - this what's inside Android already is enought, or I should add some wvdial or something (I guess I can add some serial USB modems to - be default in kernel).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
@$aur0n: I still didn't managed to find time to play with 3G modems, but from what I know ppp that is already in, should be sufficient; usbserial.ko seems to be there also, wvdial would be nice but it is not essential, but what is crucial for most 3G USB dongles to work is "usbmodeswitch" package, since most of USB 3G dongles are presented to system as usb composite devices, usualy with one CD cdrive (from image on dongle), one mmc card reader on dongle, and several usb-serial channels. When one plugs such device on linux without usbmodeswitch, it gets detected as mass storage device only, and with usbmodeswitch package it gets redetected again as one or more usbserial devices.
Anyway I hope I'll have more time during the end of the week (and weekend), to dig deeper into the issue.

Here is the link to the archos gen8 buildroot git:
http://gitorious.org/archos-buildroots/gen8
There is also some information and the source-files of the boot-splash-screen:
http://gitorious.org/archos-buildroots/gen8/trees/master/initramfs
and the information how it's displayed:
Code:
# Show a nice boot image
104
case "$PRODUCT_NAME" in
105
A28)
106
BOOT_IMAGE=$BOOT_IMAGE_BASE-240x320
107
;;
...
gunzip -c $BOOT_IMAGE > /dev/fb0
# Enabling LCD
enable_backlight
so the bootimage is gunzipped and then directly pushed to the framebuffer.
hope this helps!
(maybe the easiest solution to create a own splash screen would be displaying a animation and capture in the meantime the framebuffer?)

Oh the gb_launcher is pretty snappy and fast, but i understand that. THe keyboard from the market did not work for me so i had to paste some stuff form my milestone to make it working.
but now back to the real things. can you give me a short explanation how to compile a kernel module? ive never done that and i want to try the interactive governor which is said to be much more responsive and quite intelligent, as it does not check the cpu load, but the workqueue.
greetz

Hi,
I'll try to help you make 70HT Urukable !
Used linux from years and have some dev knowledge.
Here is HT's df -h and mount :
Code:
$ export PATH=/data/local/bin:$PATH
$df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mmcblk0p2 118.2M 81.3M 30.8M 72% /mnt/system
/dev/loop0 75.5M 75.5M 0 100% /
tmpfs 119.4M 0 119.4M 0% /dev
tmpfs 119.4M 0 119.4M 0% /mnt/asec
tmpfs 119.4M 36.0k 119.4M 0% /tmp
/dev/block/mmcblk0p1 31.8M 8.9M 22.8M 28% /mnt/rawfs
/dev/block/mmcblk0p2 118.2M 81.3M 30.8M 72% /mnt/system
/dev/block/mmcblk0p3 29.6M 3.2M 24.8M 11% /cache
/dev/block/mmcblk0p4 1.6G 144.4M 1.4G 9% /data
tmpfs 119.4M 4.0k 119.4M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/block/vold/8:1 232.8G 95.9G 136.9G 41% /mnt/storage
df: /mnt/secure/asec: Permission denied
$ mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 on /mnt/system type ext3 (rw,noexec,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered)
/dev/loop0 on / type squashfs (ro,noatime)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,mode=600)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,devuid=1000,busuid=1000,listuid=1000)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
tmpfs on /mnt/asec type tmpfs (rw,mode=755,gid=1000)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/block/mmcblk0p1 on /mnt/rawfs type rawfs (rw)
/dev/block/mmcblk0p2 on /mnt/system type ext3 (rw,nosuid,noexec,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered)
/dev/block/mmcblk0p3 on /cache type ext3 (rw,nosuid,noexec,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered)
/dev/block/mmcblk0p4 on /data type ext3 (rw,nosuid,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered)
none on /dev/cpuctl type cgroup (rw,cpu)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/block/vold/8:1 on /mnt/storage type vfat (rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,nodiratime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0000,dmask=0000,allow_utime=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,utf8,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/block/vold/8:1 on /mnt/secure/asec type vfat (rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,nodiratime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0000,dmask=0000,allow_utime=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,utf8,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /mnt/storage/.android_secure type tmpfs (ro,size=0k,mode=000)
fusesmb on /mnt/storage/network/smb type fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,max_read=32768)
djmount on /mnt/storage/network/upnp type fuse (ro,nosuid,nodev,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other)
$
I am ready to resize the main partition on the hdd and add two another partitions for root and data but what size do you recommend? 1Gb and 2Gb ?

Related

UrukDroid 1.6 (Android) on ext4, full r/w access, su (root), SDE

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This is new Android distribution based on Linux, Android and Archos stock os, using SDE from Archos.
Features:
Easy install method for external (SDcard) and Internal storage
EXT4 (much faster than ext3, can store files >4GB comparing to FAT32)
Full read/write access to every part of system
root (su + superuser.apk) out of the box
new services like: samba, sshd, vpnc, openvpn, dvbt, nfs4
3G/usb tether support
Possibility to remove some google/Archos apps
Swap memory in RAM (CompCache) or on disk by default or when you need it
No 300MB limit for apps (and no faulty app2sd required)
You can have SD card Class 8/10 - that can be much faster than internal flash (check this thread)
Many new new kernel modules (usbserial, ntfs, 3G modems, nfs4, cifs, hfs, iptables etc.)
DVB-T support for selected tuners
updated modules, firmware (like WiFi)
User friendly UrukConfig application
... and much, much more - to much to mention all here - please read changelog
Since 1.0 release main documentation source for UrukDroid is on it's WiKi. Please use it as a first and primary information source for UD.
Link to project (googlecode) page is: http://code.google.com/p/urukdroid
Update (10.09.2015)
Since code.google.com is no longer working (read only for limited time) - here are working links to latest (and final) release of UrukDroid: Dropbox,
I hope that new, much more detailed and complete documentation will help you use UrukDroid at it's full potential.
Changelog, proposed futures
Changelog:
UrukDroid 1.6 (02.01.2012) "DOV FUS LOS Wahl ko Daar Sivaas!"
[CHANGE] Incorporated changes from Archos firmware 2.4.19, 2.4.65, 2.4.80 and 2.4.81
[CHANGE] Updated superuser apk and binaries
[FIX] Fixed some library linking
[NEW] Changed top bar button size to 32px permanently
[NEW] New overclock module from milestone-overclock to change CPU voltage and max frequencies on the fly
[CHANGE] Added overclock support to CPUGovernor service
[FIX] Restored proper busybox binary
[NEW] New patches on kernel from December update from Archos git
[NEW] Full iptables support (with NAT, conntrack etc) - so everything is now possible (redirect, proxies etc)
[NEW] Full kernel timing for power consumption monitoring
[NEW] Recompiled WiFi? and HDMI drivers
[NEW] Added python 2.7, iotop (for watching i/o operations), PowerTOP (for power consumption monitoring - but it's not as useful as on x86)
[NEW] Added ntfs-3g support - full read/write support for NTFS file systems (need to be used manually, vold does not use it)
[CHANGE] Added UrukDroid? Rescue Menu - Repair submenu with disabling overclocking (for those who made their device unbootable with overclocking) and Dalvik cache cleaner
[NEW] New feature in cpugovernor script (genconf, current)
[CHANGE] New features in update subsystem
scripts now tries to keep /data/.tmp directory cleaner,
for those with disk shortage /data/.tmp can be now symlink to directory on sdcard
updater now checks if you have enough free space in /data/.tmp before it begin installation
update process now can be during bootup (better one) if you have enough free space on rootfs, or on running system (not so nice - this is default behavior until UD 1.6 release)
[CHANGE] restoring backup in Rescue Menu now erases partition before restore (until now it was just overwriting)
[FIX] added (again ) xbox pad kernel support (was missed out in new kernel compilation)
[FIX] fixes scp/sftp-server (on some configuration refused to start child processes)
UrukDroid 1.5 (16.0.2011) Manamana!
[CHANGE] Since UrukDroid? 1.1 (both beta1/2/3 and release candidate 1/2/3) had stability and compatibility issues - that I was unable to trace down (too many changes on changes etc.) - I've decided to implement all stuff from beginning on fresh OS. Since all "reverse engineering" stuff was already made and I already have required knowledge - It should be the fastest method. So entire system is cleaned up, updated to latest binaries - and so far looks good . That's why I've bumped version to 1.5 - just to make it a bit more visible it's not a straight continuation of 1.0/1.1.
[FIX] No more "soft reboots" (system reloaded it's graphics UI part)
[FIX] No more turning off WiFi issue (but it happens that WiFi can't pop in after full reboot - another reboot is required)
[FIX] CIFS startup on boot (Issue 57)
[CHANGE] Update process should be now more chatty and report more errors
[CHANGE] Reverted back WPA service (which enable UrukDroid? WPA supplicant with AdHoc? support) - since some people reported problems with adding new networks with Uruk version of WPA supplicant.
[CHANGE] Merged changes from Archos 2.3.28 OS
[NEW] New wpa_supplicant - hopefully with all features and without most of known problems (sometimes it still refuses to start)
[CHANGE] Updated modules and kernel
[FIX] Fix camera support for A43
[CHANGE] Merged changes from Archos 2.3.26 OS
[CHANGE] Redesigned services to output more reliable status
[FIX] Mediascanner fixes (did not rescan data sometimes)
[NEW] Introduced in 1.0 "Rescue Menu" now fully functional (RM)
[NEW] RescueMenu now have Alternative OS? boot feature
[NEW] RescueMenu now have "bare metal" backup/restore functionality
[NEW] Update process will now communicate with user with help of UrukConfig
[NEW] Enabled cgroups
[FIX] "Moved" boot image on A101
[FIX] 3Gmodem_init.sh fixes
[NEW] You can dissable boot from SDCard by naming any of it's partition "noboot" ('[email protected]:/root# e2label /dev/block/mmcblk2p1 noboot')
[NEW] patch (by Sibere) increasing USB current in Host mode
[NEW] New default apps in UrukDroid 1.5: WiFi Manager, FileExpert, QuickPic, Opera browser
UrukDroid 1.0 (30.04.2011)
[FIX] sshfs missing files fix
[FIX] EasyInstall: changed datafs max size from 2GB to 1.95GB (for market to work), fixed partition sizes for A101 16GB when doing internal install with resize, fixed installation for A70H devices
[NEW] small script to copy UrukDroid files from SDCard (external) to Internall (copy_from_sd_to_internal.sh)
[CHANGE] Changed behaviour of dvb service (device configuration)
[FIX] Added some missing modules for DVB support
[CHANGE] New kernel modules for more dvb devices (but it requires manual loading and testing)
[NEW] rsync tool
[CHANGE] swap service now can work on swap partition (or like before on swap file), also after mounting sdcard ext4 partition
[NEW] Ad-Hoc WiFi connection support by default (networks are visible with "*" on beginning of it's SSID)
[CHANGE] Some new progress indicators during install/upgrade
[NEW] Simple Animation during late phase of bootup
[NEW] New service: cifs (to load cifs modules)
[NEW] Added cgroups kernel setting
[NEW] Moved some modules dependencies (cifs,ntfs,dvb) to /etc/modprobe.d
UrukDroid 0.7 (28.02.2011) you're damn right it's a gift!!
[NEW] NFSv4 client support
[NEW] FS-Cache (cachefilesd) support for NFS (local disk cache for NFS files)
[NEW] sshfs support
[FIX] OpenVPN fix - thanks to nenadr
[FIX] PPtP fix - thanks to nenadr
[NEW] vpnc tool for using Cisco VPN connections
[NEW] vpnc UrukDroid service
[CHANGE] Updated to libc6 2.11 (and all binaries recompiled/changed because of it - big change)
[NEW] new gnu tools: nmap
[NEW] EasyInstall now allows installing UrukDroid on internal (mmcblk1) storage in A70 and A101
[NEW] Integrated 3G USB modem and RNDIS USB tethering service by nenadr
[CHANGE] New iobench.sh (with new bonnie++ test)
[CHANGE] Changed device fingerprint to work better with google market (enable download some missing apps)
[CHANGE] Merged Archos 2.1.8 firmware changes
[CHANGE] Changed DVB subsystem support and kernel/modules dependencies to work with new v4l2 modules (it will brake compatibility with most other kernels probably)
[FIX] Changes it UrukUpdate mechanism to work every time when file is moved to "/data/UrukUpdate"
[NEW] Added required modules and iptables service configuration for DroidWall (firewall) application
[NEW] sudo subsystem for launching properly some root tasks
UrukDroid 0.6 (11.02.2011) Eye of the Uruk... in new logo
[CHANGE] Merged changes from Archos firmware 2.1.2/2.1.3/2.1.4
[CHANGE] DVB support with LiveTV.apk from chulri (for selected cards, there are more modules then listed in /etc/uruk.conf/dvb - but it requires to do some experiment and report it back)
[CHANGE] Changed Uruk service to work better with new UrukConfig
[NEW] New services: openvpn, mediascanner
[NEW] IO Benchmark tool: iobench.sh
[NEW] Possibility to turn off mediascanner and use it on demand only
[FIX] Fixed mount_sdcard.sh script to work with 2.1.2 ext3 partitions
[NEW] Updated boot sequence with progress during upgrade/install
[NEW] You can hide soft buttons (Archos buttons) with UrukConfig
[NEW] Easy Install method - no need to know anything about Linux - just plug and wait...
[NEW] Kernel modules for 3g dongle
UrukDroid 0.5 (27.01.2011) Tom Bombadil... in red
[NEW] CompCache (aka ramzswap) support
[NEW] New CPU governor - interactive. Ported from XDA CyanogenMOD
[NEW] DVB: applied patches by chulri, Siano SMS1XXX USB support
[NEW] DVB: modules from outside kernel tree
[NEW] Some more GNU tools: gzip utils, zip utils, unzip utils, nc (NetCut for DVB streaming)
[CHANGE] New services model - so they can be easily run/configured with help of UI
[NEW] New kernel modules: usbnet, lzo
[NEW] Mediascanner modification - it should has much, much smaller impact on system performance
[NEW] sqlite3 (3.5.9) installed, for easy database file manipulation
[NEW] after restart of UrukDroid it will boot once again to Uruk without need of pressing any buttons, to boot on stock OS please use boot menu
[FIX] mount_sdcard.sh fixed so it will mount first ext4 partition on sdcard if exist, and will not interfere with Vold if its vfat
[CHANGE] New update/upgrade/flash model - everything done on UrukDroid - no boot menu required
[NEW] New application to configure UrukDroid - UrukConfig.apk. Installed with this release. Can be uninstalled in default way.
[FIX] Fixed corrupted logo in A101
[NEW] Unified kernel for UrukDroid on SDCard and internal storage (A70S/A101)
[CHANGE] Services ENABLED with this release: CpuGovernor, CompCache
UrukDroid 0.4.2 (21.01.2011)
Just extracted as a separate update file GoogleMarket
UrukDroid 0.4.1 (15.01.2011) Myyy preciousssss...
Some more tools like: bc, proc utils, vim, tcpdump, bzip2, tar etc.
Android apps (Market, Maps, Talk, Calendar, Contact, Feedback, Locator, Updater) by default
Samba (3.2.5) support for sharing /mnt/storage (internal and sdcard storage) from Archos
Dropbear SSH server
Backported modprobe, depmod etc. tools for modules management
WiFI driver recompiled, WiFi HW firmware update (from 6.1.0.0.335 to 6.1.5.44.7)
Initial DVB-T support (Afatech AF9005, Afatech AF9015, DiBcom DiB0700, Terratec CinergyT2/qanu)
Bootlogo with progress steps
Cleanups of initramfs and rootfs
EXT4 drivers backported from 2.6.30 - some mount changes (to prevent config files corruption)
Initial A70H support
SDCard/HD layout changed
Autoupgrade service and installation helper
ADB fixes
Removed two apps. TelephonyProvider.apk, Phone.apk
Since 0.4 all services are DISABLED by default, to enable it edit proper config file in /etc/uruk.conf/
UrukDroid 0.3 (9.01.2011) Rise my Uruk... not yet Hai
iptables, ntfs support
some more USB modules: usbserial, pl2303
fixed bluetooth problem (not working in Uruk 0.2)
automounting improvements (much more bulletproof)
new configuration files (/etc/uruk.conf/) to enable/disable features
new Uruk services (/etc/uruk.d/)
some more GNU utils openssh-client, coreutils
USB charging enabled (NOT tested!!!) - It would required much more power then standard USB in PC can give, use USB wall/car charges or double/triple USB cables
UrukDroid 0.2 (5.01.2011) Go GNU release
"smart" automounting script (that will mount ext4/vfat third partition from sdcard in RIGHT place, AFTER internal storage is mount)
plenty of useful GNU tools: whole e2fstools (mkfs, fsck for ext2/ext3/ext4), parted (for partition resize, format etc.), vfat tools, new toolbox, mtr, top, strace, bash - and much more (look in /usr/local/bin and /usr/local/sbin)
swap memory ON by default (50MIB file /swap01.file)
required compiled libraries libparted, libncurses, libe2fs... etc. (look in /usr/local/lib)
new text editor in text mode: nano (my favourite)
some init.rc cleanups
kernel changes (mostly toward console output)
fixed small (but problematic) misconfiguration in Archos (yep original one) Android in linking /etc/mtab
UrukDroid 0.1 (30.12.2010) Initial "release"
recompiled kernel with ext4, nfs4, fb console
added su and superuser.apk
bootup changes (to make it work)
Features planed in next releases:
backup scripts
proxy settings
CynanogenMOD parts backported
OC/UC kernel be default
FAQ or Tips & Tricks
More information you can find in seperate thread on this forum - FAQ + Question/Awnsers
How to upgrade from previous releases
To upgrade from 0.5 you should download special upgrade file (UrukDroid-0.6-upgrade.tbz2) from first post. You need to place this file in directory "/data/UrukUpdate".
First method:
Put it on your internal storage by any means - this is /mnt/storage (also visible as /sdcard/). Then use file manager (like Astro or RooteExplorer - not build in one) or do as follow in terminal (or over ssh)
Code:
su
cd /sdcard/
mv UrukDroid-0.6-upgrade.tbz2 /data/UrukUpdate/
Second method:
Use UrukConfig to enable SSHD (if you don't have it started already), and use any SCP/SSH client (like WinSCP, or plain scp on Linux) to copy file (default username is "root", password is "UrukDroid") to "/data/UrukUpdate".
In both cases upgrade will start automatically; alter kernel, initramfs and when finished, device will reboot itself.
How to enable/disable and configure UrukDroid services?
UrukDroid services are configured by text files, that can be found in /etc/uruk.conf/ directory. You can use file manager like RootExplorer or Terminal to edit them, but most convinient way is to use SSHD service and some ssh client (for example putty).
You can also use UrukConfig application - build in since 0.5 release. After you do some changes, restart service (/etc/uruk.d/service_name stop/start) or simply reboot Archos. Since 0.5, by default only CompCache and CPUGovernor are enabled.
Currently available services
samba - it's SMBD server allowing mounting your Archos storage directory on your PC. Default user is "storage" and password "UrukDroid"
sshd - SSH server allows you to connect to your Archos with any ssh client, work on terminal. It also allows to copy files with scp/sft. Default user is "root", password "UrukDroid"
swap - this service enable swap memory. It can make Archos a bit less responsive but memory manager won't kill application so quickly (co you can use WWW browser, email an communicator simultaneously - for example of course)
iptables - this pseudo service will load necessary modules to use iptables (firewall) features
ntfs - if you plan to connect NTFS formatted devices to your Archos - enable this service
dvb - this service load necessary modules to watch TV on your Archos. This service requires configuration from your side - it won't work "as is". Please read and edit config file (/etc/uruk.conf/dvb)
compcache - Start/stop CompCache swap memory service. Compcache is a compressed part of memory, where less used object reside. Usual compression ratio is 70%
cpugovernor - Changes default CPU governor and it's parameters. Governor decides how to scale CPU frequency. Since 0.5 there is new "interactive" governor.
openvpn - It's an implementation of popular free VPN service for Uruk. It will act like the one used in Archos stock config with difference it will work all the time - whenever you go, and you have full flexibility of configuration. Config file resides in /etc/openvpn/archos.conf.
VPNC - It's open implementation of Cisco VPN service. You should edit /etc/vpnc/archos.conf file.
NFS4 - NFS v4 client service allows you to mount remote file storage with use of NFS (much faster then SMB for example). You can also enable use of cachefilesd sub-service - that will cache locally, files transferred with NFS (for smooth playback of movies for example)
How to remove some default apps?
App started at the boot time are stored in /system/app, I've already removed some of them by moving it to /system/app.old/ - but you can do it by your own - but remember - some of them are actually required to run system
Some filesystems benchmarks (that's the reason why I wanted ext4 so badly)
Write tests (I've testes different filesystem and partition sizes)...
Tests on Archos:
internal 8GB
0,71Mb/s ext3,ordered,noatime
5,45Mb/s fat32
Lexar 16GB
2,63MB/s ext3,ordered
6,25MB/s ext4,ordered
Test on computer (the same lexar card)
2.93Mb/s 1GB,ext3,noatime
2.78Mb/s 1GB,ext3
3.04Mb/s 1GB,ext2
8.62Mb/s 1GB,vfat
7.61Mb/s 1GB,btrfs
7.87Mb/s 1GB,ext4
7.87Mb/s 16GB,ext4
Card is 16GB SDHC Lexar class 6 only - so this toshiba nand inside is not state of the art either :/
How to roughly check your filesystem write speed
Go to directory where you can write and were is more then 100MiB of free space and do the line. It will sync devices (flush all write caches), write 100MiB file filled with zeros, and fush caches once again to measure real write speed without buffers. Then easy math... and my laptop disk has write speed 16,66MiB/s
Code:
[email protected]:/tmp$ sync; date; dd if=/dev/zero of=test.file bs=1M count=100 2>/dev/null; sync; date
Wed Jan 5 19:02:28 CET 2011
Wed Jan 5 19:02:34 CET 2011
[email protected]:/tmp$ bc -q
scale=4
100/(34-28)
16.6666
quit
UrukDroid configuration system
I've created (or recreated, since Google threw away existing Sytem V and other solutions) something that works like rc/init.d system. It's old fashion, but for only few services will do it's job.
There are few location to remember:
/system/etc/uruk.d/ - directory with services
/system/etc/uruk.conf/ - directory with configuration files
/system/etc/init.d/ - symlinks Sxxserice/Kxxservice (like S01swap) to be run during startup process
Proper path is /system/etc/ but it's symlinked on every Archos to /etc - so you can also work on /etc/uruk.d, /etc/uruk.conf etc.
To enable iptables support (load proper module) it's enought to edit /system/etc/uruk.conf/iptables
To change swap memory settings edit /system/etc/uruk.conf/swap
How to mount ext4 under Windows?
There is project called "ext2read" that claims to work with ext4 also (I've only tested it with ext2 long time ago - it worked) http://sourceforge.net/projects/ext2read/ - please write some commends if you use it.
What is current directory/disk layout?
/ -> SDCard first partition (512M) - for root filesystem
/data -> SDCard second partition (1GB) - for installed apps
/mnt/storage -> internal 6GB partition - for data used by installed apps
/mnt/storage/sdcard -> SDCard third partition - anything you want, nothing by default
/mnt/sdcard2 - proposed mount point for other volumes, not used by default
And there is something called symbolic links (symlinks) - witch is kind of Win shortcut used on UN*X extensively.
/sdcard -> /mnt/storage
/storage -> /mnt/storage
/mnt/sdcard -> /mnt/storage
So you can enter /sdcard - and you are be using files from /mnt/storage. You can also create symblinks by yourself
Code:
ln -s /source destinations
How to gather data report from UrukDroid
Best way is to use SSH. For this, please start "sshd" service on UrukDroid by using UrukConfig application or by editing /etc/uruk.conf/sshd file.
First start will take one minute or so - since sshd has to generate unique encryption keys.
If you use Windows download putty.exe (ssh client) and run it. Write your Archos IP (it has to be visible in network) and connect.
Use
Login: root
Password: UrukDroid
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Now you can write Linux commands and cut/paste results for help/debug purpose.
Thanks!
I think you talked me into it! I'll play with it tomorrow.
I've found this on Nook Color thread http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=888216
Can someone test is it worth to do on Archos? I think we don't need phone service running in background. Ill try this tomorrow when i get back to home but maybe someone can test earlier?
sorry for asking,but what is the point in doing step 3,i mean what does it actually do?
This is backup of install instruction, leaving more space for custom approach. Instruction in first post is now much simpler with less 'if/or'.
Material for this thread came from discussion here. So please be kind read also this thread before getting to work
This is mini how-to boot modified Archos Android from SD card, using SDE. It's base on 2.0.71.
Since this Android mod/distribution required some name - let it be Uruk-Droid
Why bother:
ext4 (much faster than ext3, can store files >4GB comparing to FAT32)
full r/w access to every part of system
root (su + superuser.apk) out of the box
possibility to remove some google/Archos apps (already done partly)
swap memory when you need it
no 300MB limit for apps (and no faulty app2sd required)
you can have SD card Class 8/10 - and that's much faster storage than internal flash (inside is something equal class 6 or 4)
Warning
Be aware that this modification requires SDE and probably some Linux knowledge.
By doing described below steps you probably can't brick your Archos - but do it on your own risk.
Root access on your devices makes it less secure form malicious software (user more head - less fingers )
Known problems:
Android automounter (vold) does not recognize EXT4 in stock firmware - so it will claim SD card is damaged (it's just a message) (FIXED)
Before you start:
Read about SDE on forum
Install some terminal emulator from Market (eg. "Android Terminal Emulator")
You should have 2.0.71 already installed (I'm not sure if it's required but only with that configuration tested)
All operations described here, done on Linux or Android should be done from root user (you can switch to that user in terminal by typing "su" or "sudo su" command)
If you don't have Linux - find any recent Rescue CD, Live CD or Virtual disk (VirtualBox or VMware) - distributions does not matter
SD card partition design
First of all, preferably buy card class 6+. So it won't be slower than internal storage
I'm currently using 3 partitions
0,5GB / (rootfs)
1GB /data
rest /mnt/storage/sdcard/
but You can create one big partition instead - I've made my configuration because of easiness to backup and upgrade (rootfs is easy to upgrade later on, /data has only runtime data and application, rest is for movies etc.) Size of /data partition determines how many apps you can install on your device.
Here it's how it looks on fdisk
Code:
linux-machine:~# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 16.0 GB, 16012804096 bytes
199 heads, 44 sectors/track, 3571 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8756 * 512 = 4483072 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 121 529716 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 122 362 1055098 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 363 3571 14049002 83 Linux
Step one
Create at least one primary partition on SD card with fdisk, gparted, parted or any other partitioning tool. Assuming your SDCARD is visible as /dev/sdb (on Linux box - check "dmesg").
Code:
su (go root)
fdisk /dev/sdb
fdisk options (it's interactive):
p (print existing partitions)
d n (delete partition by it's number 1,2,3 etc)
n (create partition, you will be asked about type (primary, secondary - go primary), number (give first available), start sector (just enter will set first possible), size (you can give it as +1M, +2G etc)
w (write all changes, until you give this command no changes are made on disk physically)
Format partitions as EXT4 - but without huge_file option (it won't work with this feature since it requires special kernel option that brakes compatibility with existing modules).
Code:
su (go root)
mkfs.ext4 -O ^huge_file /dev/sdb1
If you created more partitions - do those steps for everyone.
Code:
mkfs.ext4 -O ^huge_file /dev/sdb2
mkfs.ext4 -O ^huge_file /dev/sdb3
Kind of "session log" for this steps you can find in this post.
Step two
Extract content of rootfs.tar.gz onto first partition on SD card (it HAS to be first one). Do it from root account on Linux/UNI*X box - or you won't transfer all permissions properly (mainly +s on su/superuser.apk).
assuming your SD Card is visible under Linux as /dev/sdb (you can check it by typing "dmesg" after you connect it)
open terminal/shell - go root: su, or sudo su
create mount point: mkdir /tmp/sdcard
mount it (if it's not mounted already) for example: mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/sdcard
go to /tmp/sdcard directory: cd /tmp/sdcard
extract rootfs: tar -zxf /path_to_file/rootfs.tar.gz
exit directory: cd
umount your card: umount /tmp/sdcard
Flash initramfs.gz and zImage from SDE boot menu:
reboot Archos70, hold up or down volume key until you see Recovery menu,
choose "Recovery System"->"Developer Edition Menu"->"Flash Kernel and Initramfs",
connect Archos to PC and copy initramfs.gz and zImage to device
Reboot and hold up or down volume, choose "Developer Edition".
You should see all yours apps etc. - it should look like your Archos , but with su/superuser.apk etc. (check it on terminal emulator by typing "su" and enter).
Before go to next step make sure you have booted to SDE system AND it has root access! (check "su" in terminal, run root explorer or titanium backup)
Step three
It's kind of optional - since you have already working system - but it's not fun yet
Now you should copy /data files onto SD card. Use terminal emulator (from market can be "Android Terminal Emulator") or sshd (QuickSSHd and log into your tablet) and do:
If you have ONE partition
Code:
su
cp -rp /data/* /data.new/
If two or more
Code:
su
mount -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk2p2 /data.new
cp -rp /data/* /data.new/
umount /data.new/
Poweroff device.
Step four
Put card into computer and:
one partion
remove /data
rename /data.new to /data
On Linux it may look like this:
Code:
su (or sometimes "sudo su")
mkdir /tmp/sdcard
mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/sdcard
cd /tmp/sdcard
rm -rf data
mv data.new data
edit /init.rc (it's /init.rc on Android - on Linux box it's going to be something like /tmp/sdcard/init.rc) - use any editor to modify file - do it as a root!
Code:
su
vi /tmp/sdcard/init.rc (edit the file)
umount /tmp/sdcard/
What to edit:
Code:
# Comment this
# mount ext3 /dev/block/mmcblk0p4 /data noatime nosuid
# Uncomment this
# mount ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk2p2 /data noatime
mount ext3 /dev/block/mmcblk0p4 /data.old noatime nosuid
two or more partitions
edit /init.rc (it's /init.rc on Android - on Linux box it's going to be something like /tmp/sdcard/init.rc) - use any editor to modify file - do it as a root!
Code:
su (or sometimes "sudo su")
mkdir /tmp/sdcard
mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/sdcard
cd /tmp/sdcard
vi init.rc (edit file)
umount /tmp/sdcard
What to edit:
Code:
# Comment this
# mount ext3 /dev/block/mmcblk0p4 /data noatime nosuid
# Uncomment this
mount ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk2p2 /data noatime
mount ext3 /dev/block/mmcblk0p4 /data.old noatime nosuid
If you have third partition on SDCARD, whether it's EXT4 (recommended) or FAT32 it should by automounted since 0.2 version.
Reboot - it should work
End
Stuff you can do later:
Vold - automount daemon on android is quit.... crappy - to let go message about "sd card damaged" edit /etc/vold.fstab and hash the line "dev_mount_lun volume_sdcard /mnt/storage/sdcard...."
Other partitions - if, by any reason, you have more partition on SD card (more then 3) you can also mount it putting in init.rc (there are some potential issues with vold to be solved)
for ext4
Code:
mount ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk2p5 /mnt/sdcard2 noatime nosuid
For fat32 partition preferably tweak with Vold config (/etc/vold.fstab) - or add something like this (in init.rc)
Code:
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/sdcard2 uid=1000 gid=1015 fmask=0000 dmask=0000
Files (UrukDroid-0.3):
Megaupload.com
initramfs.cpio.gz
zImage
rootfs.tar.gz
Dropbox.com (there can be server error because of download limit)
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1017593/ArchosGEN8/UrukDroid-0.3/rootfs.tar.gz
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1017593/ArchosGEN8/UrukDroid-0.3/initramfs.cpio.gz
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1017593/ArchosGEN8/UrukDroid-0.3/zImage
Nm you said it's faster, interesting... I may test that out.
IMHO you should point out that it is a great security risk for having access to root without any password.
BTW this comment is not meant to insult you in anyway, but I think it is only fair to people that will use it and to cover your own ass.
Maurice
Does this require a clean system to do the SDE Root? what happens to everything already installed etc.
MoonPhantasm said:
Nm you said it's faster, interesting... I may test that out.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There was already link to my write speed tests (now I've pasted it to second post) - read speed is about the same. In quadrant I have something about ~2300 (one of quadrants test is I/O benchmark) - but that's not my goal - so I don't care much about that kind of speed.
divx118 said:
IMHO you should point out that it is a great security risk for having access to root without any password.
BTW this comment is not meant to insult you in anyway, but I think it is only fair to people that will use it and to cover your own ass.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Of course your are right - but that's kind of obvious, and that's the reason why superuser.apk requires to specify what process can gain root access (I know it's not strong security - but better something than nothing)
Is there any way to do this on the a32, or can will there be a solution for the 32.
I had SDE installed before, but I used the uninstall developer edition option in the boot menu. Now, regardless of if I use the .aos file from archos that has SDE, whenever I reboot holding a volume button, I get to a menu that says "Archos A101IT Recovery", and "Would you like to recover your system?" with the following options:
No
Update Firmware
Repair System
Format System
I select update firmware, and all I get is an update failed error.
I don't know what to do. I have a basic linux knowledge, so I have my sd card properly formatted, without the huge file option. I've extracted the contents of rootfs.tar.gz to the first partition.
Any ideas on what to do?
$aur0n said:
I don't have that problem since I use Linux everywhere
My mmcblk2p3 is also EXT4 partition (since fat 32 has 4/2gb file size limitation it's only place where I can put bigger files - mainly movies. It's one of ther reasons why ext4 is good for the task).
To mount (vfat or ext4) during but of Archos put in init.rc
Code:
mount ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/storage/sdcard noatime nosuid
or
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/storage/sdcard
just after mount of /data.old for example..
/mnt/storage/sdcard is the place where automounter would normally mount this device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did try to add it to init.rc, but it wouldn't mount.
Running "busybox mount -t vfat /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/storage/sdcard" after boot seems to work however.
Is /mnt/storage mounted yet at that point? It seems to be separately mounted ("mount" shows /dev/block/vold/179:9 mounted on /mnt/storage, but I can't find any line related to that in init.rc)
Since "Preparing internal storage" appears after boot, I assume the SD card has to be mounted after that (unless I mount it somewhere else, which would break compatibility with some apps)
Actually, I'd prefer if the SD card was mounted on /mnt/storage, and the internal storage on /mnt/storage/internal, is there a way to do that?
Edit: Ah, I checked that /etc/vold.fstab file. It seems to be what I need to edit to auto mount the SD card, but I'm not sure what I need to edit.
The line currently reads:
dev_mount_lun volume_sdcard /mnt/storage/sdcard auto /devices/platform/usb_mass_storage/lun1 /class/block/mmcblk2
"auto" seems to be the partition number, I tried to change this to different values as well as changing mmcblk2 to mmcblk2p3, but they result in the same SD card damaged message. Is this a no-go and just won't work or am I doing something wrong? Either way, it seems like it's the only way to mount the SD card at boot if I want it mounted to /mnt/storage/sdcard.
Edit 2:
Adding these 2 lines to init.rc and commenting out the equivalent lines in /etc/vold.fstab seems to work:
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/storage
mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk1p1 /mnt/storage/internal
Now I have the SD card mounted on /sdcard
However, the settings won't show the space information now, so I have to connect it to the PC to check free space. Is there a better way to do it?
Jdbye said:
I did try to add it to init.rc, but it wouldn't mount.
Running "busybox mount -t vfat /dev/block/mmcblk2p3 /mnt/storage/sdcard" after boot seems to work however.
Is /mnt/storage mounted yet at that point? It seems to be separately mounted
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, this mount point (/mnt/storage/sdcard) is not ready yet at this point - that's why I've changed it to /mnt/sdcard2 in howto. It's not good solutions (since probably some tools won't find media - like movie player) - but the only one for now. Vold is crappy, and even so it should mount _first_ usable partition (with auto option) but it does not want to do that. I can't check it, since I don't have vfat on sdcard, but probably the only solution is to do separate script/service with delayed mount - that's what I'm going to do for now, later on (in next release).
Q: However, the settings won't show the space information now, so I have to connect it to the PC to check free space. Is there a better way to do it?
A: (kind of joke) - user "df -h" in terminal, probably some more smart tools with gui are also able to show space used by "other" devices.
hurrpancakes said:
Any ideas on what to do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I guess it's some Archos SDE bug and you should report it (I thing that after uninstall of SDE and second install you should see developer menu back - if not,
it's error or faulty "watermarking" at work)
jab12 said:
Is there any way to do this on the a32, or can will there be a solution for the 32.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My guess - it may also work for you. All gen8 devices have the same kernel and system - so give it a try.
xShadoWxDrifTx said:
Does this require a clean system to do the SDE Root? what happens to everything already installed etc.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Everything that is installed on INTERNAL 8GB storage is untouch. So even when sde fails to boot, you can go back to original Archos Android and work on that.
When you follow my instr. you should see second Android with all yours application installed but on ext4 with root etc. etc.
$aur0n said:
I guess it's some Archos SDE bug and you should report it (I thing that after uninstall of SDE and second install you should see developer menu back - if not,
it's error or faulty "watermarking" at work)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think the error may lie in the fact that I have to access my sd card by mounting it through my a101. Tomorrow (or later today, rather) I will get a sd card reader so I won't have to rely on using the tablet.
Hi, thanks for howto.
Can we keep the superuser mode explained in this topic http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=880321&page=13 And use your method (in case i forgot m'y sd card And need root access)

[HowTo] Archos gen8 firmware 2.3.81-2.4.83+rw iptables and 1GB ext4 data

I just wanted my Archos Gen8 to have the latest stock firmware, root access, iptables support (for Droidwall) and a 1GB ext4 data partition. I will show you how to create this setup yourself. This howto describes all steps for a Linux PC with a working adb connection to the Archos Gen8. I am sure all steps can be done from a Windows PC too, but I cannot help you there: I only speak linux. [edit: Harfainx has written a thread on http://forum.archosfans.com/viewtopic.php?f=76&t=54637 that explains how to do these steps on windows; if you to do this from windows and have iptables and ext4, use my attached kernel and ext4 modifications instead of Harfainx' suggested chulri kernel]
[Archos] = do on tablet
[Linux] = do on PC
[Shell] = do in a terminal on PC
[ADB] = do in a adb shell from PC
[GParted] = do in gparted in PC
[Editor] = do in your favorite text editor on PC
All credits for this procedure go to other people (see end of this post); my only contribution is this write up, and the compilation of the new kernel.
1. Use chulri's root method to obtain root+rw with the latest Archos firmware on your Archos Gen8 (download the proper firmware version, and take care to rename the downloaded firmware file to firmware_archos_android_gen8.aos).
2. Install the matching version of my kernel + initramfs (see links below)
reboot Archos device and hold down "Vol-" button after screen went black
Go to "Recovery Menu" and then "Developer Edition Menu"
choose "Flash Kernel and Initramfs"
connect your Archos device by USB to your computer
upload zImage and initramfs.cpio.gz to your device
safely disconnect the USB connection
press ok on Archos device
reboot
3. Repartition your internal SD card
reboot Archos device and hold down "Vol-" button after screen went black
Go to "Recovery Menu" and then "Repair system” ->"Start USB MSC"
Connect tablet to your linux pc
Resize interal SD card and add an ext4 partition:
[Shell] sudo gparted
[GParted] find Archos device. For me it is found on /dev/sdc
[GParted] select the Archos partition and resize to have 1024MiB at the end left
[GParted] create a new primary partion using all the space you just created, filesystem ext4 and align to MiB
[GParted] apply all selected actions, let it finish and quit gparted.
unplug and reconnect your device so Linux finds it again.
Format the ext4 partition with some nice settings (if your device was on /dev/sdb replace /dev/sdc2 with /dev/sdb2 below):
[Shell] sudo mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=64 -O extent,^huge_file -m 0 -L data /dev/sdc2
[Shell] sudo tune2fs -c -1 -i 0 -m 1 -O ^huge_file -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sdc2
[Shell] sudo e2fsck /dev/sdc2
press ok on Archos device
reboot
4. Make your new ext4 partition your /data partition
Boot up your Archos and proceed through the startup wizard; do not put too much effort in this because all information you enter now will be lost after this step.
Open options->applications and enable debugging support.
Connect the Archos to your linux PC
[Shell] adb shell
[ADB] su; stop; cp /init.rc /sdcard/
[Shell] adb pull /sdcard/init.rc
Modify init.rc:
[Editor] Open the just downloaded init.rc
[Editor] Replace the "mount ext3 /dev/block/mmcblk0p4 /data noatime nosuid" with "mount ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk1p2 /data rw noatime nosuid nodev barrier=0 data=writeback nobh"
[Editor] save file and close
[Shell] adb push init.rc /sdcard/
[ADB] cp /sdcard/init.rc /init.rc
[ADB] start
reboot
5. Now your device should start up and use your new ext4 partition as /data. In my case after reboot I had to force another reboot (hold on/off for 10sec) for the system to properly boot and come up with the Archos startup wizard again (the previous startup’s data is lost because we have a new /data partition).
6. Enjoy!
All credits for this procedure go to other people; my only contribution is this write up, and the compilation of the new kernel.
Rooting method: chulri
1GB data partition: chulri and wdl1908
Ext4 format flags: Sibere
Proper compilation of iptables and ext4: $aur0n and woti23
Howto compile the kernel yourself
Compiling this kernel yourself is not very hard.
1. Set-up chulri's development enviroment
2. Configure the new kernel
[Shell] cd $ARCHOS
[Shell] make kernel-config
[Config] In Networking support -> Networking options -> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter)
Core Netfilter Configuration -> Netfilter Xtables support: y; Xtables -> "owner" match support: y
IP: Netfilter Configuration -> IP tables support: y; Packet filtering: y; REJECT target support: y; LOG target support: y
[Config] In Filesystems
The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem: y
Ext4 extended attributes: y
[Config] save changes and exit
[Shell] make kernel-build
After compilation, locate your kernel zImage and flash it together with chulri's initramfs.cpio.gz (which is also provided in the zip in the first post).
Recommendations to speed up your tablet
Now that you have your Archos Gen8 as you want it, I can recommend two additions to speed up your system.
1. You now have a fast, big ext4 data partition which you should use for all applications:
[Shell] adb shell pm setInstallLocation 1
2. Replace the default Launcher *ANY* launcher but the Archos one. Personally I recommend the Zeam launcher, since it is really lightweight:
Get your copy of zeam, install it, press "home" button and make it default to zeam.
[ADB] su; cd /system/app; mv Launcher2.apk Launcher2.apknot
The last step makes sure that the Archos launcher does not startup anymore, saving your memory. The last steps also removes the default Archos wallpapers, so make a copy of the one you want or get some nice new ones.
Since the device setup of this thread uses unionfs to make changes to the /system, you could also just remove /system/app/Launcher2.apk. To restore it you can remove /mnt/system/unionfs/system/app/.wh.Launcher2.apk. (Thanks to skeeterfood for pointing it out.)
Great work! Thumbs up!
Thanks for this awesome tutorial!!!!!!
Thanks to all the people who work on our Archos Gen8 devices!!!!
is the performance comperable to urukdroid? i really like urukdroid but the mediascanner issue drive me nuts .
Anyway great work and thanks for the tutorial, now a kernel to be able to overclock and it would be awesome
cHarOn99 said:
is the performance comperable to urukdroid? i really like urukdroid but the mediascanner issue drive me nuts .
Anyway great work and thanks for the tutorial, now a kernel to be able to overclock and it would be awesome
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't know if performance is comparable to UrukDroid; I've used Uruk 1.0 for some months but I haven't run any benchmarks. The reason for that is that Quadrant keeps giving errors in fixed landscape mode and I always used fixed landscape because the stock Archos launcher takes for ever to redraw on screen rotation.
Now of course I replaced the Archos launcher with Zeam, and now redraws on screen rotation are very fast. Replacing the Archos launcher in UrukDroid with Zeam would of course give you the same improvement. Anyway, with the configuration described above @800MHz (I could set it at 1GHz but I didn't) I get Quadrant scores of 1810. If you run it on UrukDroid, we can compare.
Definitely my system is booting much faster now than than it did before, but that might just be Zeam.
Right now sibere is making kernels for UrukDroid which give a nice performace improvement; perhaps he is willing to make kernels for stock too, or help me a bit along? Also when I have some more time, I hope to port some of Ardatdat's kernel improvements to the latest firmware kernel. Maybe someone else is working on that already?
WhoDunnit said:
I don't know if performance is comparable to UrukDroid; I've used Uruk 1.0 for some months but I haven't run any benchmarks. The reason for that is that Quadrant keeps giving errors in fixed landscape mode and I always used fixed landscape because the stock Archos launcher takes for ever to redraw on screen rotation.
Now of course I replaced the Archos launcher with Zeam, and now redraws on screen rotation are very fast. Replacing the Archos launcher in UrukDroid with Zeam would of course give you the same improvement. Anyway, with the configuration described above @800MHz (I could set it at 1GHz but I didn't) I get Quadrant scores of 1810. If you run it on UrukDroid, we can compare.
Definitely my system is booting much faster now than than it did before, but that might just be Zeam.
Right now sibere is making kernels for UrukDroid which give a nice performace improvement; perhaps he is willing to make kernels for stock too, or help me a bit along? Also when I have some more time, I hope to port some of Ardatdat's kernel improvements to the latest firmware kernel. Maybe someone else is working on that already?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I agree with you, Zeam is the best Launcher for Archos . When installing UrukDroid, my Archos is longer battery life, LCD is more sensitive and it very fast . Another devices, when you increase speed of cpu, battery life is softer .
I don't think Uruk firmware had been cooked with stock kernel, stock kernel's not stability.
thanks for the reply, personally i don't care about quadrant which is the worst benchmark at all , you already answered the question good enough for me, you said booting is faster and general the feel is fast, thats for me a better benchmark result then any syntetic test which gives you results like in the lottery .
I use Golauncher on the A43 and it works also good, i never used the stock launcher .
I think i will try your solution out and look forward to some kernel improvements if you make one, if not then also fine.
Thanks again
i prefer VTL.Launcher. it is based on adw, but better configurable. i remove ALL soft buttons, all panels and the notificationbar. instead i use Button Savior to have HOME/BACK/SEARCH/MENU buttons.
runs pretty smooth and i can use fullscreen.
any launcher goes
Right, that's the beauty of android: Anything can be replaced and modified to your own taste. I modified my recommendations above about replacing the default launcher with Zeam: *ANY* launcher is better that the Archos default one. My only reason for recommending Zeam is because it is lightweight.
Bottom line: replace the launcher with any alternative and you will have a smoother system.
I love open source and, of course, linux(android) and the power of freedom it has. i hope it will never become mainstream as Windows or Mac is.
Thats the reason why i donate as much as i can to oss projects instead buying expensive Windows software.
And thats why i have big respect to all people who made our computerworld a little bit better to use! Call me a idealist, i am proud to be one! If we were no idealists things like Android wouldn´t exist.
OK, enough
back to topic!
WhoDunnit said:
Now that you have your Archos Gen8 as you [*] [ADB] su; cd /system/app; mv Launcher2.apk Launcher2.apknot
[/LIST]
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Might as well just do:
[ADB] su; cd /system/app; rm Launcher2.apk
since it's really not deleting the file, but instead creating a .wh.Launcher2.apk file in /mnt/system/unionfs/system/app/ that causes unionfs to hide the file. You can always get it back by removing the /mnt/system/unionfs/system/app/.wh.Launcher2.apk file.
-John
Is the ext4 1 gig of data for extra app space?
skeeterfood said:
Might as well just do:
[ADB] su; cd /system/app; rm Launcher2.apk
since it's really not deleting the file, but instead creating a .wh.Launcher2.apk file in /mnt/system/unionfs/system/app/ that causes unionfs to hide the file. You can always get it back by removing the /mnt/system/unionfs/system/app/.wh.Launcher2.apk file.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Right, thank you. I added it to the steps to follow.
darren1 said:
Is the ext4 1 gig of data for extra app space?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's the idea: All (non-system) apps and data will be stored in the 1GB ext4 partition.
WhoDunnit said:
That's the idea: All (non-system) apps and data will be stored in the 1GB ext4 partition.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Great, thanks.
A70H Compatible?
Thanks for all the work. Looks great and I'm about ready to try it but need to know first, will this work on the A70H (250gb version)?
H_Scrappy said:
Thanks for all the work. Looks great and I'm about ready to try it but need to know first, will this work on the A70H (250gb version)?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's been suggested that you shouldn't perform this operation on the hard-drive versions. Constant app re-writes on the hard-drive could be a cause for early drive failures.
Nice write-up here WhoDunnit. I did a Windows-based write-up last month over at the ArchosFans forum. Now it looks like people have some options for methods to create their partitions on both Linux and Windows. More information is always a good thing
http://forum.archosfans.com/viewtopic.php?f=76&t=54637
Harfainx said:
I I did a Windows-based write-up last month over at the ArchosFans forum. Now it looks like people have some options for methods to create their partitions on both Linux and Windows. More information is always a good thing
http://forum.archosfans.com/viewtopic.php?f=76&t=54637
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK, great. I added a link to your thread so people can find answers if they want to do this from windows.

[EOS]-[ROM][4-august-12][PEN/WIFI/3G][JellyBean/411] DextersJB v1.5

ROM is discontinued for VIEW, use YNC's latest update
DextersJB​
i would test it out but i gotta charge my view its been dusty since i got my N7 lol
Thank you!
first.. thank you for trying to save VIEW.. there is no much going on here. but if you can save our dying VIEW, even slight attempt is greatly appreciated.
I will test this. I am kind of new on tablet but I will test and report back to you. here we go..:good:
Dexter_nlb said:
i would like to see if i can utilize the JB on View.
for this i have changed the kernel and partitions(removed those i do not know atm).
and uploading my test image for someone to test. Download it here MD5 06096eea121b5ec534830fcf97072fc4
HC hboot is required here, GB boot is not supported.
please if someone can help and test it, it will be great.
REMEMBER to factory reset, before installing this rom
I would also like to see a "mount" output run in as shell. so i know what partitions are different, besides /system i know for now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
myowin said:
first.. thank you for trying to save VIEW.. there is no much going on here. but if you can save our dying VIEW, even slight attempt is greatly appreciated.
I will test this. I am kind of new on tablet but I will test and report back to you. here we go..:good:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it if dos not boot at first try (showing a X after 20-30 seconds)..
maybe change the /system/build.prop in the zip.
replace everything you see in th build.prop with "flyer" with "express" .
save it and copy it back into the zip and replace the original one.
in the /system/lib/hw , rename files you see with "flyer" in the name, replace that with "express" too. ie lights.express.so
flash it once more and see if it helps.
Pulled, will try in about an hour when she charges back up. Apparently I left my wifi on..seems to drain a little more in ICS.
Will report back
Dexter_nlb said:
I would also like to see a "mount" output run in as shell. so i know what partitions are different, besides /system i know for now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Code:
# mount
rootfs / rootfs ro,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,mode=600 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/block/mmcblk0p26 /system ext4 ro,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/mmcblk0p30 /data ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,nodelalloc,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/mmcblk0p31 /cache ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,nodelalloc,data=ordered 0 0
/dev/block/mmcblk0p34 /devlog ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,nodelalloc,data=ordered 0 0
none /acct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/asec tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/obb tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
none /dev/cpuctl cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0
/data/d /data/d debugfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:65 /mnt/sdcard2 vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:36 /mnt/sdcard vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:36 /mnt/secure/asec vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/sdcard/.android_secure tmpfs ro,relatime,size=0k,mode=000 0 0
and during installation:
Code:
AROMA INSTALLER version 2.00
(c) 2012 by amarullz xda-developers
ROM Name : FlyerJB-view
ROM Version : 1.0
ROM Author : dexter_nlb
Device : view/express-3g
Start at : Fri Jul 27 16:36:10 2012
script aborted: file_getprop: failed to stat "/tmp/aroma-data/wipe.prop": No such file or directory
file_getprop: failed to stat "/tmp/aroma-data/wipe.prop": No such file or directory
Installer Error (Status 7)
End at : Fri Jul 27 16:36:10 2012
install finished, rebooted, stuck on white HTC bootscreen.
adb detects the device
Code:
$ ./adb devices
List of devices attached
HT16THY00941 device
but can't connect
Code:
$ ./adb shell
- exec '/system/bin/sh' failed: No such file or directory (2) -
thanks,
just what i needed here.
Sounds cool. From what I have read we will lose Flash if we go to JB. Is this correct?
Stopping support for Flash by Adobe now in favor of HTML5 is sort of like closing all gas stations in favor of electric. Great idea, terrible timing. HTML5 is nowhere near ubiquitous.
** Ring up yncconsulting. I'm sure he would want to help on this.
boastt said:
and during installation:
Code:
AROMA INSTALLER version 2.00
(c) 2012 by amarullz xda-developers
ROM Name : FlyerJB-view
ROM Version : 1.0
ROM Author : dexter_nlb
Device : view/express-3g
Start at : Fri Jul 27 16:36:10 2012
script aborted: file_getprop: failed to stat "/tmp/aroma-data/wipe.prop": No such file or directory
file_getprop: failed to stat "/tmp/aroma-data/wipe.prop": No such file or directory
Installer Error (Status 7)
[/QUOTE]
can you replace META-INF\com\google\android\updater-script
in the zip you downloaded first with the updater-script in the zip attached to this post and try again.
the reboot is because it probably only wiped, but not unpacked anything to the partition.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dexter_nlb said:
can you replace META-INF\com\google\android\updater-script
in the zip you downloaded first with the updater-script in the zip attached to this post and try again.
the reboot is because it probably only wiped, but not unpacked anything to the partition.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Done. Install went smooth. Theres a long delay waiting for a sim card, then the "Insert SIM card" shows up with a "skip" button.
Overall, it seems pretty solid for what it should be.
Compared to your thread for the flyer: mic doesn't work, GPS seems to not even exist on the device, using that UMS doesn' work, if scrolling in chrome is part of the 2d hardware acceleration then it feels slow
boastt said:
Done. Install went smooth. Theres a long delay waiting for a sim card, then the "Insert SIM card" shows up with a "skip" button.
Overall, it seems pretty solid for what it should be.
Compared to your thread for the flyer: mic doesn't work, GPS seems to not even exist on the device, using that UMS doesn' work, if scrolling in chrome is part of the 2d hardware acceleration then it feels slow
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks for the confirmation, no matter if its good or bad.
i believe its possible to make a generic edition and let the installer detect which parts belong to which hardware.
ill look into that.
the hardware issues, probably relate to the files /system/lib/hw where light/sensor/gps is for the flyer and probably differ from the view edition.
for the mic part, i believe those files are for flyer, which needs to be view specific as well.
anyways, thanks, its good to know it can be made working on view as well.
quick search on google, shows that Chrome is not as fast as stock browser, which might be was regular chrome users experience? JB is new and not all apps are adapted? maybe thats why this keeps coming back as being a problem, but might not be a build problem, but Chrome being less compatible.
mitchellvii said:
Sounds cool. From what I have read we will lose Flash if we go to JB. Is this correct?
Stopping support for Flash by Adobe now in favor of HTML5 is sort of like closing all gas stations in favor of electric. Great idea, terrible timing. HTML5 is nowhere near ubiquitous.
** Ring up yncconsulting. I'm sure he would want to help on this.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can still use flash. You just cannot download it from the market but the ICS version works just fine.
In what ways is JB significantly better than ICS or GB in order to sacrifice some functionality to run it in your opinion? Not snarking here - I really would like to know.
In my personal experience, GB on this tablet is just fine. It can be overclocked and everything works, but of course I'd love the latest and the greatest if there is some noticeable performance pop.
"Not snarking here" - ehum.
mitchellvii said:
In what ways is JB significantly better than ICS or GB in order to sacrifice some functionality to run it in your opinion? Not snarking here - I really would like to know.
In my personal experience, GB on this tablet is just fine. It can be overclocked and everything works, but of course I'd love the latest and the greatest if there is some noticeable performance pop.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
its all just a challenge and development tests/teasers.. for some it can easily be a daily driver, for others too much is definately not working.
I do not have it for the pen, so thats no priority personally.
but media playback for me, can be important, for now i just switch to SD when im on youtube.
but generally, there is alot of difference in the drivers and how framework and JB differs, i do not want to repeat , but it is for better, if just we can make more work better.
JB/ICS is alot better experience especially comparing our less good HC adaption.
JB kills GB. i'm running JB on my nexus and it's SO quick!
thanks for your hard work here, i hope we can get something running! we sort of have an ICS rom, but JB is what ICS should have been from the start..i'm pumped!
Yeah HC was pretty lame. Its really too bad the way HTC just completely abandoned what was an expensive device at the time.
I have a pen but really don't use it much anymore anyway. 7 inch tablet is just a little too small to comfortably write on anyway. I guess for me fast internet browsing and solid Netflix are the most important things.
Sent from my SPH-D710 using Tapatalk 2
Great work. I'm interested in testing once I can flash in a normal fashion (not sure how to switch out the zip file etc.)
Sent from my PG41200 using xda app-developers app
Thanks for the development of JB on the view, been thinking of trying to port some of the roms from the flyer lately. I'm not much of a developer so the fresh thread here is greatly appreciated.
Sent from my PG86100 using xda app-developers app
Runs great so far! A few minor issues but won't take much to iron out.

[Q&A] [v9.52] Online Nandroid / Nandroid Backup without re-booting [CWM + TWRP + 4EX

[Q&A] [v9.52] Online Nandroid / Nandroid Backup without re-booting [CWM + TWRP + 4EX
Q&A for [v9.52] Online Nandroid / Nandroid Backup without re-booting [CWM + TWRP + 4EXT]
Some developers prefer that questions remain separate from their main development thread to help keep things organized. Placing your question within this thread will increase its chances of being answered by a member of the community or by the developer.
Before posting, please use the forum search and read through the discussion thread for [v9.52] Online Nandroid / Nandroid Backup without re-booting [CWM + TWRP + 4EXT]. If you can't find an answer, post it here, being sure to give as much information as possible (firmware version, steps to reproduce, logcat if available) so that you can get help.
Thanks for understanding and for helping to keep XDA neat and tidy!
Hey everybody,
I was setting up online Nandroid on my S4Mini LTE (I9195) and everything looks good so far. Except that preload is not being backup-ed. I also installed the the required recognition script. When using TWRP via recovery I am able to backup the preload partition.
Any ideas why I cannot backup the preload partition online?
Thanks,
Sebastian
bjacke said:
Hey everybody,
I was setting up online Nandroid on my S4Mini LTE (I9195) and everything looks good so far. Except that preload is not being backup-ed. I also installed the the required recognition script. When using TWRP via recovery I am able to backup the preload partition.
Any ideas why I cannot backup the preload partition online?
Thanks,
Sebastian
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Which recognition script did you install?
ameer1234567890 said:
Which recognition script did you install?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey,
I used "Samsung Galaxy S IV Mini LTE GT-I9195" ->serranolte. Is this the correct one?
Basti
bjacke said:
Hey,
I used "Samsung Galaxy S IV Mini LTE GT-I9195" ->serranolte. Is this the correct one?
Basti
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Could you post the log file inside one of the backup folders?
Hey.
I've got problem. Lg l7II, sock kk rom rooted. I can't make backup on my external_SD, set in onb settings backup location external_SD, but backup still is created ie my internal memory. I know, that android kk not allow save files external micro sd card for third-party apps, but i've installed sd fix. but without result. So where is wrong?
Here's log:
Starting backup...
Running with the following commands: -o --custom kk_rooted --storage /external_sd -pd -r
Using Default Shell
##########################################
Online Nandroid Backup v9.52
* A tool to perform a nandroid backup
without booting into recovery.
* It is fully compatible with nandroid.
* Type 'onandroid --help' for usage
instructions.
* Created by Ameer Dawood
##########################################
14:30:44 Using busybox from: /data/data/com.h3r3t1c.onnandbup/files/busybox
14:30:44 Checking for root permissions...
14:30:44 Root permissions acquired!
14:30:44 Analysing battery level...
14:30:44 Sufficient battery available!
14:30:44 Checking version of BusyBox installed...
14:30:44 BusyBox version 1.20 or above installed!
14:30:44 Searching for SD card...
14:30:44 SD card found!
14:30:44 This device has a patch file installed!
14:30:44 Checking for required tools...
14:30:45 All required tools available!
14:30:45 Checking disk space...
14:30:45 SD Card Free Space: 1186 MB
14:30:45 Required Space: 1719 MB
14:30:46 Not enough disk space! Exiting...
exitcode [86]
Kura pazurem to wydrapała, a Xperia Neo V Tapatalkiem 4 wysłała
Ok, problem solved. It was mistake with backup save location. After changing to /storage/external_SD instead external sd, it working as it should.
Wysłano przy użyciu LG L7 II (P710) Tapatalkiem
Patch or No Patch - That Is the....
Help!
Folks, I have one, perhaps-challenging question, and I am hoping that there will be a fairly straightforward answer from one or more of the obviously-above-average-intelligence contributors to XDA.
I recently purchased a Foxconn house-branded phone, an 'InFocus M512'. I had only.moderate expectations - you usually get what you pay for - but, it has exceeded my expectations from almost every angle. However, it arrived already-rooted. And now that I've invested some hours (I'm embarrassed to admit how many) investigating and installing security/privacy apps and mods, and debloating it, I'm really satisfied and it's no longer the cheap throwaway I had originally purchased... and given how many changes I've already made, it's pure luck that I haven't bricked it; I'm waaaay overdue for a full NAND backup.
But, I have no recoveries for it, I have no idea how it was rooted or what magic was thrown at it before it landed in my inexperienced hands. It's KK 4.4.2 - that much I do know. And the launcher is a lightly themed MIUI, as far as I can tell.
I installed Online Nandroid, looking like my best / only option to create a recovery.
I clicked on the 'Get Device Identified' button in Nandroid, which returned a device code MC2_CN - not in the downloaded patch list, of course. So, then I clicked on the 'Request a patch from Santa Claus' button...
I'm not holding my breath, waiting for Ameer to come up with a patch for me; I'm sure he has bigger fish to fry, and this phone is just one in the sea of obscure Chinese mutations (that's an actual place, I think).
So... here it is... finally... my question:
What's my next step?
Is there one? (Oh crap, that's two questions) Have I been too wordy? (Damn, that's three... and don't answer it - you'll hurt my feelings.
Any informed advice would be hugely appreciated.
Thanks. :fingers-crossed:
Is this app currently maintained? I thought I would help out and sent in a patch weeks ago for my device (LG Realm) and never heard anything back. I also never got a response as to whether or not I can somehow load and use my own patch with the correct partition layout instead of having to download it.
????
codebot said:
Is this app currently maintained? I thought I would help out and sent in a patch weeks ago for my device (LG Realm) and never heard anything back. I also never got a response as to whether or not I can somehow load and use my own patch with the correct partition layout instead of having to download it.
????
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It is still being maintained. The pace is, however, a bit slower.
Nandroid Backup for UBIFS
Sir regarding for NANDROID BACKUP it could be work in this UBIFS device?
ameer1234567890 said:
It is still being maintained. The pace is, however, a bit slower.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm willing to do any testing for an updated SM-N910T. Please just let me know.
Sent from my Note 4 with Tapatalk
SJMarty said:
I'm willing to do any testing for an updated SM-N910T. Please just let me know.
Sent from my Note 4 with Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yikes...has the script been abandoned? That would stink.
Does Online Nandroid Backup work for Alcatel OT 5020D?
I tried to restore some apps with a Nandroid Manager and even if the app didn't show any error, none of the restored apps worked. After trying to run them they always crashed.
Not boot found not recovery found
Hi, i tried these script for my Xperia Neo mt15i, in your site in the list of supported devices says that no need of path file for my hallon but during the backup appears this message, and i don't know what is wrong, Online Nandroid makes appslog .android_secure system data cache, but it's strange no boot, recovery, and bootloader. It's something wrong?
elasca said:
Hi, i tried these script for my Xperia Neo mt15i, in your site in the list of supported devices says that no need of path file for my hallon but during the backup appears this message, and i don't know what is wrong, Online Nandroid makes appslog .android_secure system data cache, but it's strange no boot, recovery, and bootloader. It's something wrong?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you post the log file inside backup folder?
ameer1234567890 said:
Can you post the log file inside backup folder?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Online Nandroid v9.52
Started at Sun May 3 00:58:58 CEST 2015
###########################
Run with options:
###########################
Busybox: BusyBox v1.21.1-jb static (2013-07-25 21:23 +0100) multi-call binary.
###########################
File System Layout:
rootfs on / type rootfs (ro,seclabel,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,nosuid,relatime,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=600)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,seclabel,relatime)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
none on /acct type cgroup (rw,relatime,cpuacct)
tmpfs on /mnt/secure type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=700)
tmpfs on /mnt/asec type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000)
tmpfs on /mnt/obb type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000)
tmpfs on /mnt/fuse type tmpfs (rw,seclabel,relatime,mode=775,gid=1000)
none on /dev/cpuctl type cgroup (rw,relatime,cpu)
/dev/block/mtdblock0 on /system type yaffs2 (ro,seclabel,relatime)
/dev/block/mtdblock3 on /data type yaffs2 (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
/dev/block/mtdblock1 on /cache type yaffs2 (rw,seclabel,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
/dev/block/vold/179:1 on /storage/sdcard0 type vfat (rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/block/vold/179:1 on /mnt/secure/asec type vfat (rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /storage/sdcard0/.android_secure type tmpfs (ro,seclabel,relatime,size=0k,mode=000)
###########################
Device Details:
ro.product.model=MT15i
ro.product.brand=SEMC
ro.product.name=MT15i
ro.product.device=hallon
ro.product.board=mogami
ro.product.cpu.abi=armeabi-v7a
ro.product.cpu.abi2=armeabi
ro.product.manufacturer=Sony Ericsson
###########################
Recovery:
CWM-based Recovery v6.0.4.6
###########################
Language File:
Not found!
###########################
00:58:59 Using busybox from: busybox
00:58:59 Checking for root permissions...
00:58:59 Root permissions acquired!
00:58:59 Analysing battery level...
00:58:59 Sufficient battery available!
00:58:59 Checking version of BusyBox installed...
00:58:59 BusyBox version 1.20 or above installed!
00:58:59 Searching for SD card...
00:58:59 SD card found!
00:58:59 This is an MTD based device!
00:59:00 Checking for required tools...
00:59:00 All required tools available!
00:59:01 Checking disk space...
00:59:02 SD Card Free Space: 4159 MB
00:59:02 Required Space: 839 MB
00:59:02 Necessary disk space available!
00:59:02 Detecting mountpoints to exclude...
00:59:02 Backing up to /storage/sdcard0/clockworkmod/backup/2015-05-02.22.58.59
00:59:02 /boot not found! Skipping backup of /boot!
00:59:02 Consider installing patch file for your device, for a complete nandroid!
00:59:02 /recovery not found! Skipping backup of /recovery!
00:59:03 Backing up /appslog...\c
00:59:05 Backing up /system...\c
01:04:01 Backing up /data...\c
01:11:01 Backing up /cache...\c
01:12:02 Backing up /.android_secure...\c
01:12:12 Generating md5sum...\c
01:13:04 Verifying md5sum...\c
01:13:05 Online Nandroid Backup Completed in 14 minutes 6 seconds!
###########################
Files Backed-up:
"----rwxr-x 1 1536 May 3 01:12 .android_secure.vfat.tar
----rwxr-x 1 6291456 May 3 00:59 appslog.img
----rwxr-x 1 96431808 May 3 01:12 cache.yaffs2.img
----rwxr-x 1 373038336 May 3 01:10 data.yaffs2.img
----rwxr-x 1 258 May 3 01:13 nandroid.md5
----rwxr-x 1 421466496 May 3 01:04 system.yaffs2.img"
@elasca This is common among Xperia devices. Your backup should just be fine. Your custom recovery (CWM / TWRP) would also not backup boot and recovery.
ameer1234567890 said:
@elasca This is common among Xperia devices. Your backup should just be fine. Your custom recovery (CWM / TWRP) would also not backup boot and recovery.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you know an alternative method to back up these partitions? I don't see these partitions even on terminal, it should be showed using "cat /proc/partitions" command, but only shows system, cache, appslog, data, and sdcard, no recovery, boot, bootloader, and other partitions showed in my Wolder tablet with Allwinner chipset.
I have also the question for these tablet, i can backup recovery and boot partitions manually but with nandroid appears "boot not found" and "recovery not found", are you working for a patch file for this tablets?
Thank you.
ameer1234567890 said:
@elasca This is common among Xperia devices. Your backup should just be fine. Your custom recovery (CWM / TWRP) would also not backup boot and recovery.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi ameer just wanted to thank you for still supporting the app . And for uploading the patch for my Lg tribute aka e2nas. I thought it was a dead issue ,im glad you brought it back to life!!
sent from my VM LGLS660 rooted on zv5

How to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver, armhf on the HP Touchpad

How to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionix Beaver, armhf on the HP Touchpad Desktop Environment XFCE and LXDE on a partition as chroot. ​This guide will only work after successfully completed and installed the following ROMS following this process:
HP TOUCHPAD Optimize for Android with Swap Partition and SKZ Kernel_ Flash Files_
This is more technical oriented than just for the regular user, but it is easy to install for everyone. The flash zip files are provided to be install using TWRP Recovery and the installation of Ubuntu will be done with no command input from the user, it is all done automatically.
The HP Touchpad is an old device but it works perfectly with this set up and provides the screen area than can also be use to interact with Ubuntu by only using the Tablet with no PC required.
The use of the swap partition is essential for this to work, it provides extra Memory for Ubuntu to run properly without any other process getting kill.
ROM tested: Both ROMS will work and provide similar performance.
Evervolv 7.1.2 with Skz Kernel optimize with swap partition
Dirty Unicorns 8.1 Skz Kernel optimize with swap partition
As always be sure to Backup your Tablet before doing any storage modifications. Follow this guide: Click Here for How to Backup and Restore
Creating a 2 Gigabyte Partition to install any Linux version, I recommend Ubuntu.​The quick and simple process is by flashing the following file using TWRP Recovery, it works on all the models, 16g, 32g or 64g.
It can also be done manually with a complete installed system and the process is explain all the way at the end of this guide.
By flashing this file the /data partition will be deleted, a 2G Linux partition created and /data created again from all the space available.
Click Here to Download Flash file to create a 2G Linux Partition
If for any reason you do not want to keep the 2G Linux partition flash this file and the /data partition will be same size as before.
By flashing this file the /Linux and /data partition will be deleted and /data created again from all the space available.
Click Here to Download Flash file to remove the 2G Linux Partition
Root access needs to be flash.​ Click here to download SR5-SuperSU-v2.82
Apps to be install in Android​Click Here for Linux Deploy​Click Here for VNC Viewer​
The following are original full screenshots of the Linux Deploy settings and Ubuntu properties on the HP Touchpad.​Recommend settings for Linux Deploy​
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Recommend properties for the Ubuntu container​
After all settings are applied, then by the top right menu, Install when done Configure and finally Start and use VNC viewer for GUI interface.​ Screenshots inside Ubuntu with some programs open.​
Youtube HD 720 videos, make sure to view on a device that can properly play it.
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 Settings
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 Performance
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18 04 Web-browsers
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 Web-browsers_2
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 Ramdisk
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 LVM
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad DU 8 1 Ubuntu 18.04 LXDE
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad Evervolv 7.1.2 Ubuntu 18.04
YOUTUBE_VIDEO_HP Touchpad Evervolv 7.1.2 Ubuntu 18.04 LXDE​_____________________________________________________________________________________________________​The following is the process to manually create the 2G Linux partition using adb shell or in TWRP Terminal, if no PC is available.​
Code:
Using a 16g Model as an example, use your own free storage available.
Get free size available in data
df -h
un-mount Data
Check files system first:
e2fsck -fy /dev/store/cm-data
Rezise after check:
resize2fs -f /dev/store/cm-data 5g
To use LVM must be in:
cd /boot/usr/sbin
Resise using LVM
LVM
./lvm.static lvreduce -L 5g /dev/store/cm-data
Create Linux partition from all the free space available
./lvm.static lvcreate -l 100%FREE -C y -M y --major 254 --minor 8 -n /dev/store/linux
Format partition
mke2fs -E lazy_itable_init=0 -t ext4 /dev/store/linux
Verify
./lvm.static lvs
The code with results.
Code:
Get free size available in data
df -h
results
/boot/usr/sbin # df -h
/dev/mapper/store-cm--data
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
11.0G 942.4M 10.1G 8% /data
unmount Data
Code:
Check files system first:
e2fsck -fy /dev/store/cm-data
Results
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/store/cm-data: 5168/735840 files (4.2% non-contiguous), 287448/2940928 blocks
Code:
Rezise after check:
resize2fs -f /dev/store/cm-data 5g
results
/boot/usr/sbin # resize2fs -f /dev/store/cm-data 8g
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/store/cm-data to 2097152 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/store/cm-data is now 2097152 blocks long.
LVM
./lvm.static lvreduce -L 5g /dev/store/cm-data
Results
/boot/usr/sbin # ./lvm.static lvreduce -L 8g /dev/store/cm-data
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 8.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce cm-data? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume cm-data to 8.00 GiB
ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vectors]: mlock failed: Cannot allocate memory
ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vectors]: munlock failed: Cannot allocate memory
Logical volume cm-data successfully resized
Code:
Create Linux partition from all the free space available
./lvm.static lvcreate -l 100%FREE -C y -M y --major 254 --minor 8 -n /dev/store/linux
results
/boot/usr/sbin # ./lvm.static lvcreate -l 100%FREE -C y -M y --major 254 --minor
7 -n /dev/store/linux
ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vectors]: mlock failed: Cannot allocate memory
ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vectors]: munlock failed: Cannot allocate memory
Logical volume "linux" created
Code:
Format partition
mke2fs -E lazy_itable_init=0 -t ext4 /dev/store/linux
results
/boot/usr/sbin # mke2fs -E lazy_itable_init=0 -t ext4 /dev/store/linux
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
211328 inodes, 843776 blocks
42188 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=864026624
26 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8128 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Code:
Verify
./lvm.static lvs
Results
/boot/usr/sbin # ./lvm.static lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
cm-cache store -wcma- 200.00m
cm-data store -wima- 8.00g
cm-system store -wcma- 1.80g
linux store -wcma- 3.22g
media store -wima- 504.00m
swap store -wcma- 504.00m
Backup and Restore Linux partition to the same Tablet or any other HP Touchpad.
Backup
dd if=/dev/store/linux of=/sdcard/linux.img
Restore
dd if=/sdcard/linux.img of=/dev/store/linux​
Hi @HP_TOUCHPAD,
Man, you just get better and better... Just stumbled across this page, by random clicking... and found there is now a more updated / newer Linux distro available for the HP Touchpad.
I played around with some build of Linux many years ago on Touchpad, back in the days before roms were DM compiled. I had a triple boot of WebOS, Android and Linux. I remember the Linux build had a naff / faulty video driver, and so was never optimised. That said, I still went ahead and installed it...
So does this build use a fairly recent distro of Ubuntu, with working graphics driver. Can this build be installed to triple boot along with WebOS, Android and Ubuntu... / Or is this build a kinda hacked Android build that sits in the Android partition?.
I have got a lot of backing up, moving data around.... and plenty of reading to do !!
Cheers, Lister
ps, I saw a little while ago... there was a post / thread, where all the old roms had been re-compiled to take into account the swap partition. I've lost that thread, you couldn't point me in the right location could you please... cheers :good:
Lister Of Smeg said:
Hi @HP_TOUCHPAD,
Man, you just get better and better... Just stumbled across this page, by random clicking... and found there is now a more updated / newer Linux distro available for the HP Touchpad.
I use a desktop browser on this web page:
Click Here for the forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad
I played around with some build of Linux many years ago on Touchpad, back in the days before roms were DM compiled. I had a triple boot of WebOS, Android and Linux. I remember the Linux build had a naff / faulty video driver, and so was never optimised. That said, I still went ahead and installed it...
As time goes by the software gets better, and will make better use of the hardware. Takes longer to write better code than to pack more RAM and CPU cores into a device.
So does this build use a fairly recent distro of Ubuntu, with working graphics driver. Can this build be installed to triple boot along with WebOS, Android and Ubuntu... / Or is this build a kinda hacked Android build that sits in the Android partition?.
This is a Chroot installation, sharing the Android kernel within Android. The Ubuntu is the latest 18.04 LTS, and also Debian latest can be install and many others Linux flavors, I selected Ubuntu as is stable compare to the others.
Is the best way to run Linux on the Tablet as the Kernel is 100 % stable, and with the use of the swap it adds more OS choices. Using Limbo app in Android the Tablet can run full install of Windows 98, Windows 2000 and a reduce windows XP.
I have got a lot of backing up, moving data around.... and plenty of reading to do !!
The tablet keep getting updated thanks to all the developers. Now Pie is available, LuneOS, Sailfish and possible other private custom OS setup out there.
Cheers, Lister
ps, I saw a little while ago... there was a post / thread, where all the old roms had been re-compiled to take into account the swap partition. I've lost that thread, you couldn't point me in the right location could you please... cheers :good:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you want to have fun with the "Tablet Toy" I have posted the following guides:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/how-to-create-swap-partition-size-t3892060
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/powerful-feature-hp-touchpad-lvm-t3889068
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/how-to-backup-restore-using-twrp-copy-t3892047
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/touchpad-toolbox-how-to-unpack-repack-t3888242
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/development/make-root-permanet-read-write-to-t3846567
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/how-to-recompile-hp-touchpad-android-t3889025
Following all those guides any ROM can be enable for swap. I modified the boot image of Evervolv 7.1.2 and Oreo 8.1 ( Android Pie has it built it, thanks to Flintman for incorporating the changes).
The ROM does not need to be recompile, is only the Ramdisk and possible the Kernel. If you feel like just to flash the file and be done with it, then this is the easy way:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/hp-touchpad/general/hp-touchpad-optimize-android-swap-t3901773
after a sleepless night I got through all the various posts, searches and whatnot and have one of my Touchpads up and running with Evervolv 7.1.2 and Linux Deploy-ed Ubuntu - woohooo
Thanks for all the info, scattered all over the place though, but doable/findable.
Is there a project/wip/solution to bypass Android all together and run a Linux kernel on the TP hardware?
More questions of course: what is the recommended init system? SysV or run-parts?
What other pointers do you have which guide us on maximizing available RAM, etc?
Again, thanks for keeping the legend alive
EDIT: well, I did powerup my 2nd TP, ran debrick 32 (got stuck at A6 FW checking) and then ran debrick 64, it booted and I was presented with 4 boot options:
- webOS - with Homebrew
- CyanogenMod
- ClockworkMod
- ArchLinuxARM
oh man - I did know that stuff back then but I don't recall anything
Not going to touch that one... keep it charged now and then and look at the webOS experience (and learn from it!)
gabe2001 said:
after a sleepless night I got through all the various posts, searches and whatnot and have one of my Touchpads up and running with Evervolv 7.1.2 and Linux Deploy-ed Ubuntu - woohooo
Thanks for all the info, scattered all over the place though, but doable/findable.
Is there a project/wip/solution to bypass Android all together and run a Linux kernel on the TP hardware?
More questions of course: what is the recommended init system? SysV or run-parts?
What other pointers do you have which guide us on maximizing available RAM, etc?
Again, thanks for keeping the legend alive
EDIT: well, I did powerup my 2nd TP, ran debrick 32 (got stuck at A6 FW checking) and then ran debrick 64, it booted and I was presented with 4 boot options:
- webOS - with Homebrew
- CyanogenMod
- ClockworkMod
- ArchLinuxARM
oh man - I did know that stuff back then but I don't recall anything
Not going to touch that one... keep it charged now and then and look at the webOS experience (and learn from it!)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are welcome !
I am replying to this post using Linux Deploy Ubuntu on the HP Touchpad, connected to VNC to my PC.
The best way is to only use Linux Deploy and SuperSu nothing else is need it. Ubuntu on arm is very efficient, 1GB or RAM is enought. As a test I have 8 firefox windows opens ( not tabs ) and still have over 140 MB of RAM.
It will be great to have a mainstream kernel to boot linux arm native. But this is the best option at the moment to run up to date software. The ArchLinux Arm you have is a working ROM from back them !
I use ( SysV ) services run automatically at startup ) I do not use run-parts
In my opinion the only thing that will help is to get out of jail ( chroot ). The Android Kernel is 100 % stable, only thing that needs to work in Linux is Wifi and touch screen. If the current kernel could be modified to boot into a pre install image of ubuntu arm, is all good !
Does anyone else see black text on deep grey background?
Paul2021 said:
Does anyone else see black text on deep grey background?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you be more specific?
Where do you see that combination of color?
See attached
Paul2021 said:
See attached
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
XDA updated their website and set the default to Dark Style. Before it was light and the guide was created on the old template reflecting a white background. To make it easier you can go to your --> Account --> Preference ---> Style XDA Classic, see the attached screenshot.
HP_TOUCHPAD said:
Can you be more specific?
Where do you see that combination of color?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's at the beginning of the thread. Almost impossible to make out.

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