Viewsonic VSD220 - hardbricked - Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

I unfortunately hard bricked my VSD220 the other day while trying to upgrade the android system. Bit of a noobie at this and learnt the hardway. The problem I have now is that the unit powers on but i get a totally black screen and a small panel saying "waiting" this disappears and then after a minute or so the unit powers off.
I have tried a number of flash tools using ADB and the device is not located. I cannot get into boot mode on this device as it has only a power button.
Apart from using this as a fishing sinker is there any other flash tools I might be able to use to do a lazarus on this thing and bring it back from the dead?
When plugged into the PC and turned on it is not recognized.
I have tried the Nexus root tool kit and Odin but Odin cannot located the adb for the device. cheers.

Exactly same thing happened to me but I wasn't trying anything weird on it, It happened while doing a factory reset (from android settings) and it just went off in the middle of factory resetting so now the only thing that works is plugging in a HDMI input so it works as a TV but still shows the "waiting..." box for a while and then nothing.. I also connected it to the router lan port using a pc-to-router lan cable and I can see the send/receive lights blink for some seconds and then go off (both in tv and in router), lights blink again after about 30/40 secs.. so I'm guessing this is a bootloop restarting the android part and keeping the HDMI working?.
****ing vsd220 I hate it, if you are reading this, don't buy one. It will be VERY troublesome to me having to send it to retailer for warranty coverage because of my geographic location.. I will appreciate feedback on the subject
Also Matt57 did your screen come with a CD/DVD? I have read other samsung screen models being able to recover with a external usb-dvd-r device and the DVD included with the screen (a kind of boot recovery helper). If this one came with the cd I don't have it, so if you got one, please make an iso and upload.
Matt57 said:
I unfortunately hard bricked my VSD220 the other day while trying to upgrade the android system. Bit of a noobie at this and learnt the hardway. The problem I have now is that the unit powers on but i get a totally black screen and a small panel saying "waiting" this disappears and then after a minute or so the unit powers off.
I have tried a number of flash tools using ADB and the device is not located. I cannot get into boot mode on this device as it has only a power button.
Apart from using this as a fishing sinker is there any other flash tools I might be able to use to do a lazarus on this thing and bring it back from the dead?
When plugged into the PC and turned on it is not recognized.
I have tried the Nexus root tool kit and Odin but Odin cannot located the adb for the device. cheers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

vsd220 bricked
gattytto said:
Exactly same thing happened to me but I wasn't trying anything weird on it, It happened while doing a factory reset (from android settings) and it just went off in the middle of factory resetting so now the only thing that works is plugging in a HDMI input so it works as a TV but still shows the "waiting..." box for a while and then nothing.. I also connected it to the router lan port using a pc-to-router lan cable and I can see the send/receive lights blink for some seconds and then go off (both in tv and in router), lights blink again after about 30/40 secs.. so I'm guessing this is a bootloop restarting the android part and keeping the HDMI working?.
****ing vsd220 I hate it, if you are reading this, don't buy one. It will be VERY troublesome to me having to send it to retailer for warranty coverage because of my geographic location.. I will appreciate feedback on the subject
Also Matt57 did your screen come with a CD/DVD? I have read other samsung screen models being able to recover with a external usb-dvd-r device and the DVD included with the screen (a kind of boot recovery helper). If this one came with the cd I don't have it, so if you got one, please make an iso and upload.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry mate, no I did not get a CD/DVD with it.

Related

Help with Bricked G-Tablet

Hello,
I was wandering if my tablet is hosed or not because of the following information after I tried to install early preview
of ICS and I have opened it. I have taken to a repair shop but they would touch because 'they think it is a software issue.' Software would not cause the followine:
A:My Tablet will not turn on.
B:My Tablet is not seen by my pc(I have tried every plug)
C:Master reset button does not do anything
D:When I try to run APX, it says that there are no usb connected.
E:When I either try to charge with/without dock, it will charge for about 30mins max then the charge light will shut off.
F:Windows does not recognize my tablet when connected to my PC.
barakisbrown said:
Hello,
I was wandering if my tablet is hosed or not because of the following information after I tried to install early preview
of ICS and I have opened it. I have taken to a repair shop but they would touch because 'they think it is a software issue.' Software would not cause the followine:
A:My Tablet will not turn on.
B:My Tablet is not seen by my pc(I have tried every plug)
C:Master reset button does not do anything
D:When I try to run APX, it says that there are no usb connected.
E:When I either try to charge with/without dock, it will charge for about 30mins max then the charge light will shut off.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Perhaps you have been here but this site helped me out many times.
http://viewsonic-gtablet-for-dummies.webs.com/
See this post.
I would use this thread if my tablet could actually turn on. I have tried to see if it will show up in APX mode.
Have you checked to see if you are actually just in APX mode?
There won't be a thing on the tablet screen, will look like it's off (no color change of the black "off" getting lighter from being "on", etc..).
If you were able to nvflash before, have you tried nvflashing again?
Just as a test, plug the tablet up to your PC (that you have used nvflash on before....so we know your USB config is valid for the Gtablet), go ahead and hold the volume - down and then press power for just a second. Now try to nvflash the device.
My tablet was stuck in an APX boot only process for a LONG time (about 9 months). I could nvflash it with different ROMS to test, just couldn't power it off because once I did....it appeared to never come on again. Reset button did nothing, Power button did nothing, screen was just "off" black period. I could still nvflash....
barakisbrown said:
I would use this thread if my tablet could actually turn on. I have tried to see if it will show up in APX mode.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You should go through those links a bit more carefully. Watch that youtube video for a start.
I got home after school and tried all suggestions and I still could not get it into apx mode. I watched the youtube video but I could not get my computer to recognize it like it does in the video.
If you've checked your USB cable
and done the HW reset procedures in the posts correctly
and also tried the nvflash on Linux
and if the tablet still doesn't go into APX mode,
then you might have truly bricked your gtab.
They say it is unbrickable--but, really, it is not.
You got an SOD. Fosser warned people that tried the ICS alpha about this. The only thing you can do is unscrew the back and press the reset button on the mainboard. If that don't work... sorry you killed your Gtab.
Thanks for the help
Well,
It does look like I really did brick my tablet because I have TRIED everything. I knew what I was getting myself into when I flashed it.
barakisbrown said:
Well,
It does look like I really did brick my tablet because I have TRIED everything. I knew what I was getting myself into when I flashed it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You could try installing Ubuntu on a spare computer, and see if Ubuntu detects your gtab. Ubuntu does not need apx drivers. All you have to do is plug in USB open a terminal and type lsusb and hit enter. You will need to attempt to put your tablet into apx mode with power and volume down first. Doing it through Ubuntu will eliminate the possibility of a driver error.
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA App
I already had similar situation. Used power consuming USB HDD to train my battery.
After 24h - my G-tab is back

[Q] Brand New Streak - No Response (?)

Last night I bought a brand new Streak 5 from a local guy. Box was sealed, no mention of refurb, inner contents were sealed.
I didn't have time to test it and the guy I bought it from said he had gotten it a while back from a work raffle and that it had been sitting in a drawer in his house - I have no reason not to trust that he was lying to me.
When I actually got time to unbox it, I popped the battery in and tried to turn it on. The menu buttons lit up briefly and then when out. The screen never came on. Since then, it has been completely unresponsive.
I've tried to charge it with the wall charger, as well as my PC. Neither seem to be doing anything and my PC doesn't recognize it - even with Dell's software installed.
I've tried to take out the battery and hook it up to the wall charger and my PC to get it to turn on.
I've removed the Micro SD.
There is no SIM card in it currently.
I ordered another battery and an external battery charger. They should be here in a few days. I have the current battery rigged up and charging with a spliced USB cord.
What else can I do? I feel like I've done everything "simple" thus far and I'm a little nervous when it comes to utilities like Streakflash.
I'm coming over from the iPhone world and my Android use has been limited at best. Any help is appreciated.
What happens on the device itself after having had a chance to charge?
Does it light up when you press the power button, or nothing at all?
Thanks for the response.
There is no indication that it's charging. The screen doesn't come on, or even flash. The buttons do not light up. However, I don't believe it's the cable or the connector since my PC responds with an unrecognized device -- "Qualcomm CDMA Technologies MSM" prompt. I also managed to get my PC to tell me that the device "wasn't plugged in."
I've tried to get some response out of it in every possible combination regarding the buttons, battery, back cover, microSD, and where it's plugged in. It just sits there. No lit screen, no lit menu buttons, nothing.
If it helps, I'm running Windows 7 64 bit. I've installed every possible thing I could find regarding the Dell drivers and my OS.
It sounds like your device somehow got shipped without having all the software installed onto it.
Can you provide more information about the device itself, such as it's manufacture date or any other info on the box/device labels? Devices getting shipped half baked like that isnt exactly common.
This sounds like a legitamate time to use QDL tool to reflash it, but I cant provide any help with that as I've never used it.
Can you use QDLTool if your computer doesn't even recognize it?
The date on the label is 10/12/2010.
If it's displaying as "Qualcomm CDMA Technologies MSM" that's a sign that it should be able to get into upload mode as that's what the driver qdl tool uses I believe.
It's likely out of warrentee already, so you prob have to fix it on your own if at all.
I can't get it to respond to anything I do. It's very disheartening. I really, really wanted this phone, too.
I'm downloading the latest version of Ubuntu. I'm going to see if I can make any headway through Linux.
I can't get QDLTool to pick-up the device, either. I get an error message when I try to use it and scanning for it does nothing.
Did you install the driver bundled with it properly?
If it still doesnt detect it after that it's likely a dud
use qdltool, you can download it from here
http://www.box.com/s/rj9xd5tl7v5amimbm3youll need to make sure you have all drivers installed though, info is on this forum somewhere,
once installed run the software on pc you should see a big box with "run" on it, click run then connect phone by holding volume up and connecting usb then qdltool will do rest from there
when i got my both my dell streak it was the same deal. first one came exactly as how you described it. I put in the battery, made SURE THAT THE CONNECTORS ARE lined up on the back case, and then tried to power it on. NOTHING.
It seems even if the battery was fully charged, the only real way to turn it on was to connect the streak to the power adapter and then press hold down the on button. WHen the device finally gave me the dell logo, it would just sit there stuck. So i took out the battery, and redid it. Then went into fastboot mode (hold camera and power) and it wouldnt detect the touch screen. It seems that the touch scree was faulty and hence it would remain stuck on the dell logo. I tried to calibrate the touch screen a few times, all failed. Then finally for one time it worked, and the touch screen came back to life. Shortly after though upon booting into the old stage 1.6, it restarted and the touch screen failed again.
So i sent it back to rogers and they gave me a replacement phone. Same deal, when you first put in the battery and the case it wouldnt start no matter what. Only upon plugging it into the power adapter then it starts up. However this new one had a functional touch screen.
1) check out the touch screen by using the fastboot, or stock recovery. If you get error messages, it means your screen is toast most likely and then you might have to open her up and see if all the connections are lined up
2) if it doesnt boot at all, try connecting it to the power adapter first and then after about 30 seconds power it on. You should be able to see the dell logo unless as the guys stated before the software is hosed.
3) if the software is totally hosed, tried to get it into fastboot mode or recovery and see if you can reflash the device.
something like that...
Thanks for the comments, guys.
As of now, it's still in the same position it was in. It doesn't respond to any combinations of buttons, battery in/or, or plugged into the wall/pc.
I'm assuming that the situation it's in currently is what's preventing any sort of legitimate connection between the phone and my PC.
My last shot is a battery and external charger that should be here next week.

[Q] Droid will only turn on when connected to a PC

Hello everyone, I am having a strange problem with my HTC Droid DNA. I searched around and cannot find this problem anywhere else. Last night I noticed my phone was off and figured it had lost all charge so I plugged it in to charge, left it there for a few minutes and turned it on again. When I turned it on, it displayed the white htc boot screen, then turned off again and rebooted again to the white htc screen (this goes on and on). The strange thing is that this happens only when connected to the wall power outlet. When I connect it to my PC it powers on and works fine until I disconnect it (it turns off again when I do that). The other problem I notice is that even when the phone is on and connected to the PC, it does not reproduce any sound at all (no ringtone, music, does not play videos, etc..). Also, my phone is STOCK and has never had any mods on it at all. It has android 4.1.1, software version 2.04.605.271ORD, KERNEL 3.4.10-GA02D2C6 [email protected] #1 SMP PREEMPT, BASEBAND 1.01.01.01 10
Has anyone ever had this problem or know how to fix this? I would be forever grateful if you guys could help me with this...
majincamz said:
Hello everyone, I am having a strange problem with my HTC Droid DNA. I searched around and cannot find this problem anywhere else. Last night I noticed my phone was off and figured it had lost all charge so I plugged it in to charge, left it there for a few minutes and turned it on again. When I turned it on, it displayed the white htc boot screen, then turned off again and rebooted again to the white htc screen (this goes on and on). The strange thing is that this happens only when connected to the wall power outlet. When I connect it to my PC it powers on and works fine until I disconnect it (it turns off again when I do that). The other problem I notice is that even when the phone is on and connected to the PC, it does not reproduce any sound at all (no ringtone, music, does not play videos, etc..). Also, my phone is STOCK and has never had any mods on it at all. It has android 4.1.1, software version 2.04.605.271ORD, KERNEL 3.4.10-GA02D2C6 [email protected] #1 SMP PREEMPT, BASEBAND 1.01.01.01 10
Has anyone ever had this problem or know how to fix this? I would be forever grateful if you guys could help me with this...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Troubleshooting the Phone : I Understand that you are not Rooted, locked, and s-on .
1- Call vzw tech support and ask for a replacement. But Do first before call VZW a Reset Phone*. ( setting>back up & Reset>reset phone )
2- are you with Verizon Wireless, if so you should be notified for a new OTA Update available (you are outdated with software 2.04 )
however it should not prevent the phone to run well.
3- Are you using the original usb cable when connect the phone to the power wall outlet ( have you check the outlet power supply if it is good)
4- are you able to charge your phone on your Computer through usb cable. (try different USB port)
majincamz said:
Hello everyone, I am having a strange problem with my HTC Droid DNA. I searched around and cannot find this problem anywhere else. Last night I noticed my phone was off and figured it had lost all charge so I plugged it in to charge, left it there for a few minutes and turned it on again. When I turned it on, it displayed the white htc boot screen, then turned off again and rebooted again to the white htc screen (this goes on and on). The strange thing is that this happens only when connected to the wall power outlet. When I connect it to my PC it powers on and works fine until I disconnect it (it turns off again when I do that). The other problem I notice is that even when the phone is on and connected to the PC, it does not reproduce any sound at all (no ringtone, music, does not play videos, etc..). Also, my phone is STOCK and has never had any mods on it at all. It has android 4.1.1, software version 2.04.605.271ORD, KERNEL 3.4.10-GA02D2C6 [email protected] #1 SMP PREEMPT, BASEBAND 1.01.01.01 10
Has anyone ever had this problem or know how to fix this? I would be forever grateful if you guys could help me with this...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You could always try this:
adb reboot bootloader > bootloader> factory reset
That might clear anything that messed up. seeing as youve never done anything to it, it just might work.
jake.corey.jacobs said:
You could always try this:
adb reboot bootloader > bootloader> factory reset
That might clear anything that messed up. seeing as youve never done anything to it, it just might work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeap! but the guy is a new member, first post, he never touch, root or mod his dna so he will need likely with your suggestion the proper adb installation guidance to start using adb. so thought browser to him his phone is more appropriate and easy when the results are the same when you are DNA Stock.
= setting=back up & reset>Reset phone . profit:cyclops:
finanandroid said:
Yeap! but the guy is a new member, first post, he never touch, root or mod his dna so he will need likely with your suggestion the proper adb installation guidance to start using adb. so thought browser to him his phone is more appropriate and easy when the results are the same when you are DNA Stock.
= setting=back up & reset>Reset phone . profit:cyclops:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I sent him a pm with a link to the minimal adb and fastboot and told him id help him do whatever, but I don't know his knowledge level about android to begin with so.
jake.corey.jacobs said:
I sent him a pm with a link to the minimal adb and fastboot and told him id help him do whatever, but I don't know his knowledge level about android to begin with so.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's so nice of you sir.:good:
finanandroid said:
Troubleshooting the Phone : I Understand that you are not Rooted, locked, and s-on .
1- Call vzw tech support and ask for a replacement. But Do first before call VZW a Reset Phone*. ( setting>back up & Reset>reset phone )
2- are you with Verizon Wireless, if so you should be notified for a new OTA Update available (you are outdated with software 2.04 )
however it should not prevent the phone to run well.
3- Are you using the original usb cable when connect the phone to the power wall outlet ( have you check the outlet power supply if it is good)
4- are you able to charge your phone on your Computer through usb cable. (try different USB port)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello and thank you for all for your help. Just so you guys know, the phone does charge when plugged in to my computer, I am using the original usb cable and power outlet, I am not with Verizon or in USA ( I bought the phone through ebay and unlocked). I tried every solution that has been posted by everyone so far and nothing. I do not have such advanced levels of adb, but I followed the guide to installing adb and reseting back to factory did not work. The phone has 100% battery level but once I remove it from the computer, the phone screen goes black, I can tell the screen is still on but everything goes black, then the htc white boot screen appears, it goes black again and it loops between the htc white boot screen and black screen on and on. Is this a software issue? Or is it possible it might be hardware (since no audio is able to be played either)?
Reset Phone
majincamz said:
Hello and thank you for all for your help. Just so you guys know, the phone does charge when plugged in to my computer, I am using the original usb cable and power outlet, I am not with Verizon or in USA ( I bought the phone through ebay and unlocked). I tried every solution that has been posted by everyone so far and nothing. I do not have such advanced levels of adb, but I followed the guide to installing adb and reseting back to factory did not work. The phone has 100% battery level but once I remove it from the computer, the phone screen goes black, I can tell the screen is still on but everything goes black, then the htc white boot screen appears, it goes black again and it loops between the htc white boot screen and black screen on and on. Is this a software issue? Or is it possible it might be hardware (since no audio is able to be played either)?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Could be a hardware problem, hard to tell, perform a Factory reset*
copy your media files to the computer before Reset phone
From a Home screen, select Apps ( Apps icon located at the bottom).
Select Settings.
Note If the app icon is missing, select App menu filter (located at the top) then select All apps.
Select Backup & reset.
Select Reset phone.
Note If presented, enter the current passcode or draw the unlock pattern.
Select Reset phone.
Select OK.
Note Allow up to 10 minutes for the factory data reset and reboot processes to complete.
finanandroid said:
Troubleshooting the Phone : I Understand that you are not Rooted, locked, and s-on .
1- Call vzw tech support and ask for a replacement. But Do first before call VZW a Reset Phone*. ( setting>back up & Reset>reset phone )
2- are you with Verizon Wireless, if so you should be notified for a new OTA Update available (you are outdated with software 2.04 )
however it should not prevent the phone to run well.
3- Are you using the original usb cable when connect the phone to the power wall outlet ( have you check the outlet power supply if it is good)
4- are you able to charge your phone on your Computer through usb cable. (try different USB port)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
finanandroid said:
Could be a hardware problem, hard to tell, perform a Factory reset*
copy your media files to the computer before Reset phone
From a Home screen, select Apps ( Apps icon located at the bottom).
Select Settings.
Note If the app icon is missing, select App menu filter (located at the top) then select All apps.
Select Backup & reset.
Select Reset phone.
Note If presented, enter the current passcode or draw the unlock pattern.
Select Reset phone.
Select OK.
Note Allow up to 10 minutes for the factory data reset and reboot processes to complete.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Done all that and no success
I believe it's a hardware problem and the phone is probably under warranty so I would call htc tell them what's going on and see if they can help you out. It shouldn't be an issue.
Sent from my HTC6435LVW using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Jaggar345 said:
I believe it's a hardware problem and the phone is probably under warranty so I would call htc tell them what's going on and see if they can help you out. It shouldn't be an issue.
Sent from my HTC6435LVW using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Like I said before, I dont think I could get help if it were under warranty since i bought it used off ebay and have no receipt for it. Which part of the hardware do you think might be causing this problem? Maybe i could take a look and see the internals for my self...
..............................................
turn phone off and connect to a wall outlet then press and hold the power button while holding volume up and down and the same time for two minutes or until phone powers on htc says this can fix a magnitude of issues worth a try
I'll try that and will reply soon
thanks
it didn't work
Try this you guys. Turn off your phone completely and then just plug it into the wall charger. The orange charging led should turn on. Let it sit for about 2 hours or until it turns green. Then while keeping it connected turn on the phone.
silvania34 said:
Try this you guys. Turn off your phone completely and then just plug it into the wall charger. The orange charging led should turn on. Let it sit for about 2 hours or until it turns green. Then while keeping it connected turn on the phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I already did with no luck
how long have you had the device ? possible you bought a bad device unless over time these devices cant take the heat of the processor as this phone is beast and can easily die for heat or anything really a hard bump or fall can cause hardware issues

SM-J600FM/DS Issues

Hi to all the XDA community,
It looks like that I am a new member but I have been for several year on XDA (but I lost all the log in details).
The problems I am facing is with a Samsung J6 that my mother in law gave me because one morning didn't show anything on the screen. These are the steps I did:
1. Screen is black, first thought lets charge it. I kept on the charger for ages. When I got back home I was sure that the phone is fully charged (it shows it on my usb hub). Tried to switch it on - Result, nothing is coming up to the screen
2. Hard reset by pressing power button and volume up or down - Result, nothing is coming up to the screen
3. Connect the phone on a laptop to check if the laptop recognises it. The laptop is doing the noise that something is connected and start installing drivers. Seconds later the device disconnected and connected again and this loop of connection and disconnection is happening for ever -Result nothing, only question marks.
4. Thought that is a hardware failure and since the screen doesn't shows anything I bought a new screen. I didn't by an OLED, I bough the cheap one. - Result, nothing is coming up to the new screen
5. I disconnected the battery and install the screen again connect the battery and try the same steps 1 & 2. - Results the same as the steps 1 & 2.
For me it looks like that the phone is bricked (I forgot to mention that my mother in law gave it to someone else before she pass the phone to me, no trust ) and the other guy probably tried to change the ROM or something similar. The boot loop that the phone is doing when I connected on my laptop is not normal (noise of connection and after 1sec noise of disconnection).
Additionally, I am not sure if the screen is working and I am on dilemma, do I have to return the screen to the seller of keep it until find out what is the problem with the phone. Maybe the screen is the faulty part that cause another issue. When I connect the phone on the laptop without the screen is doing the boot loop noise of connection/disconnection. I found out that when the phone is connected on the laptop and I press the power button the disconnection noise is delayed by couple more seconds.
Any help or guidance will be more than welcome.
Obtain the Stock image for your fone from samsung, load it into the version of Odin they suggest, but dont start it yet.
Disconnect fone from pc, and turn it off.
Start Odin flashing
plug fone in
Mb a few steps dif since I last flashed a samsung, but this will fix your fone.
Make sure you got the samsung driver installed in your pc
Pachacouti said:
Obtain the Stock image for your fone from samsung, load it into the version of Odin they suggest, but dont start it yet.
Disconnect fone from pc, and turn it off.
Start Odin flashing
plug fone in
Mb a few steps dif since I last flashed a samsung, but this will fix your fone.
Make sure you got the samsung driver installed in your pc
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for your response.
Samsung drivers are already installed.
The problem that I am encountering is that I can put the phone on download mode. Firstly because I can't see anyhting on the screen and secondly because my laptops can see the device. I tried different cables too but nothing worked.
Since the phone cannot be recognised by the PC, the Odin app cannot see it either.

Half dead MDZ-16-AB

Hello,
I bought used Mi Box, which appears to be wierdly acting.
It boots normally to android, then I get black screen, with smart alert in corner about wifi not being connected but I cant do nothing. After few mins the device goes into screensaving mode where i can see pictures, only thing that work at this moment is adjusting volume so I know that the remote is working, I also put up somehow the pairing animation and it went well, but nothing more.
I though I could just reset it trough recovery, but thats where the real issue starts. It just wont do. I am pretty sure I am doing it right. I tried shorting pins to flash img from usb burning tool. (small experiences from other amlogic devices) But I havent found any working img that can be flashed there.
Thanks for your replies.

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