With MIUI 12 xiaomi introduce many new features and it's new version of game turbo with dream feature voice changer . But problem is that it is only working without earphone , when you plugged in it stop working .
What we all know is that voice changer only working with loudspeaker , right..? .. but it's half truths actually it's working with device microphone ...
My conclusion :
Voice changer is not having bug , may be its due to some limitations or compatibility ..
So what if you use your earphone for sounds output and device microphone for input...
Yes this is possible just follow below steps...
1) go to play store
2) search for lesser Audioswitch ( https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nordskog.LesserAudioSwitch)
3) open app
4) go to settings (upper right corner below your battery icon)
5) enable switch microphone
6) back to app main screen
7) click on headphones
8) press the microphone icon next to the headphones
9) select internal microphone ...
10) now start your poobg and enjoy voice changer with head/earphone
11) to reset changes re-start your device...
For low microphone voice issue.. (mostly with AOSP Rom)
While we know that it's bugged because it can't route to the headset mic while connected to headset...
Switch between internal microphone and headphones
May be it will resolve....
Just a hope... Try and confirm us ..
Tested with Mortal os (MemeUi)+K20 PRO ....
No working??? Try this ...
Clear data of lesser Audioswitch app , now from start page select mute (the very first page of app after installing) and follow from 4-9 ...
IF not work reboot Your device and foloow 6-9
Thanks A Lot Technobuzznet to make a video for the same ...
:highfive:
And thanks Raaj52 for awesome MortalOs (MemeUi) the only reason to using MiUi .
not working... Works only on Demo Mode
Vatumb said:
not working... Works only on Demo Mode
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Working here... Follow the complete process
QadirAliKhan said:
Working here... Follow the complete process
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Followed the same 5 to 6 times... not working for me (K20 Pro Masik 16.1)
Vatumb said:
Followed the same 5 to 6 times... not working for me (K20 Pro Masik 16.1)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unplugged earphone ..
Reboot device..
Plugged earphone..
Open lease app..
Click on headphones..
Click the microphone icon just next to the headphones button ..
Select internal earphone....
Working with pubg , whatsapp and every app I am using this..
QadirAliKhan said:
Unplugged earphone ..
Reboot device..
Plugged earphone..
Open lease app..
Click on headphones..
Click the microphone icon just next to the headphones button ..
Select internal earphone....
Working with pubg , whatsapp and every app I am using this..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If still not working clear data of lesser app..
Open again...
Select mute from first page ....
QadirAliKhan said:
If still not working clear data of lesser app..
Open again...
Select mute from first page ....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Works on Normal too.... already made a video and posted on Technobuzznet channel
BTW Thanks
From RajeshRajput
Well it looks like the app could also fix the low headset mic issue by making the input on to the headset mic. But I didn't test it yet
wisnuyogan said:
Well it looks like the app could also fix the low headset mic issue by making the input on to the headset mic. But I didn't test it yet
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
May be many people saying same thing...
While we know that it's bugged because it can't route to the headset mic while connected to headset...
Can you try and confirm back ...
QadirAliKhan said:
May be many people saying same thing...
While we know that it's bugged because it can't route to the headset mic while connected to headset...
Can you try and confirm back ...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry I can't. I'm also on miui, it happens on aosp
Vatumb said:
Works on Normal too.... already made a video and posted on Technobuzznet channel
BTW Thanks
From RajeshRajput
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are Rajesh from technobuzznet YouTube???
btw ... Thanks a lot to mention me in the video...
App Description says:
Android 11 support:
Due to changes to made Android, this app cannot function on Android 11 and later.
There is now a native output-selection option found in the volume panel, which provides some of the functionality previously offered by this app.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello im using RN8P and the voice changer cannot be found my device is not rooted though
Related
guys anyone tried call recording for our cm11 ? or mokee?? i tried many apps .. but no use.. someone posted automatic call recorder works .. i too tried ... the source of that file is changed automatically .. i tried xposed module cm recording .. that one works only our voice is recorded .. opponent voice is not clear..we need perfect recorder like LEWA OS inbuilt ..!! some one try to port that dialer to cm 11 . any ideas . develpers help needed .. thanks in advance.. guys discuss here about call recording
arunon2013 said:
guys anyone tried call recording for our cm11 ? or mokee?? i tried many apps .. but no use.. someone posted automatic call recorder works .. i too tried ... the source of that file is changed automatically .. i tried xposed module cm recording .. that one works only our voice is recorded .. opponent voice is not clear..we need perfect recorder like LEWA OS inbuilt ..!! some one try to port that dialer to cm 11 . any ideas . develpers help needed .. thanks in advance.. guys discuss here about call recording
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
try to use Xposed modules
search Enable cm call recording in download section
Have a nice day
Sent from my p715 using XDA Free mobile app
shamescool said:
try to use Xposed modules
search Enable cm call recording in download section
Have a nice day
Sent from my p715 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i tried dude .. no use .. only our own voice is clear .. opponent voice is low .. thats the prob
arunon2013 said:
i tried dude .. no use .. only our own voice is clear .. opponent voice is low .. thats the prob
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
so our only chance is using 3rd party voice recorders:banghead:
Sent from my p715 using XDA Free mobile app
yes..we need our developers help.. waiting for their reply
Sent from my LG P715 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Yes, I need this feature as well.
As far as I managed to understand, problem is the lack of ability for line recording, as opposed to microphone recording which is enabled. Obviously with microphone recording, the far side's volume is very week, so that's why you it doesn't work properly.
Digdis said:
Yes, I need this feature as well.
As far as I managed to understand, problem is the lack of ability for line recording, as opposed to microphone recording which is enabled. Obviously with microphone recording, the far side's volume is very week, so that's why you it doesn't work properly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
exactly same prob ..
Im not using CM 11 ATM ,but have you guys tried this app?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/android/apps-games/app-boldbeast-call-recorder-galaxy-htc-t2923904
i found it in the android general forum.
kalel29 said:
Im not using CM 11 ATM ,but have you guys tried this app?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/android/apps-games/app-boldbeast-call-recorder-galaxy-htc-t2923904
i found it in the android general forum.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. Still same problem. I asked for help in this thread, as this app seems very flexible and dev seems pretty responsive.
Digdis said:
Thanks. Still same problem. I asked for help in this thread, as this app seems very flexible and dev seems pretty responsive.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The problem with call recording is in kernel. Our kernel does not support 2 way recording (so both voices recording from line). It will record from headphones. No way to fix with any problem. Only way is to add 2-way call recording in kernel.
christi9503 said:
The problem with call recording is in kernel. Our kernel does not support 2 way recording (so both voices recording from line). It will record from headphones. No way to fix with any problem. Only way is to add 2-way call recording in kernel.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's not entirely true. If you look at what I wrote in this app's thread to the dev, I managed to produce a scenario (involving the headphones) in which I managed to make it work.
Digdis said:
That's not entirely true. If you look at what I wrote in this app's thread to the dev, I managed to produce a scenario (involving the headphones) in which I managed to make it work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, using headphones. With speaker it will not work without line recording imo.
christi9503 said:
Yeah, using headphones. With speaker it will not work without line recording imo.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope. Without headphones, recording when speaker is activated also works.
Digdis said:
Nope. Without headphones, recording when speaker is activated also works.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
But it doesn't work when you use earpiece right?
christi9503 said:
But it doesn't work when you use earpiece right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It does in one very awkward scenario. Copying here what I wrote in the Boldbeast call recorder thread. Here's the scenario:
- Plugged headphones
- Made the call and started recording (Let's call it stage 1). At this point I couldn't hear the call sound in my headphones, but still in the phone (no such problem if I don't record)
- Turned speaker on (stage 2). Now I hear the call in the speaker of course
- Turned speaker off, at this point I could hear the call in my headphones (stage 3)
Now when playing back the recording, I could see that in stage 1 I could hear the far side low, but in stages 2 & 3 I could hear it fine.
Note that stage 3 is the interesting one. The speaker is off, I hear the sound in my headphones, and the far end is recorded fine.
I really can't put a finger on the reason to the problem. I'm just saying I reached a state where I could record a 2-way call, without having the speaker on at this stage.
Digdis said:
It does in one very awkward scenario. Copying here what I wrote in the Boldbeast call recorder thread. Here's the scenario:
- Plugged headphones
- Made the call and started recording (Let's call it stage 1). At this point I couldn't hear the call sound in my headphones, but still in the phone (no such problem if I don't record)
- Turned speaker on (stage 2). Now I hear the call in the speaker of course
- Turned speaker off, at this point I could hear the call in my headphones (stage 3)
Now when playing back the recording, I could see that in stage 1 I could hear the far side low, but in stages 2 & 3 I could hear it fine.
Note that stage 3 is the interesting one. The speaker is off, I hear the sound in my headphones, and the far end is recorded fine.
I really can't put a finger on the reason to the problem. I'm just saying I reached a state where I could record a 2-way call, without having the speaker on at this stage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i cant understand .. could u explain me via video .. thanks in advance
arunon2013 said:
i cant understand .. could u explain me via video .. thanks in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Had problems in the past uploading videos, so will guide you step by step. Please try to keep up.
First of all make sure your device is properly rooted and that you uninstall all other call recording apps.
Now install BoldBeast call recorder.
After installation, go to the application setup, Call settings :
- Set call recording mode to 22
- Enable root options (took me a few times until it worked, but it should work)
- Fix Recording Issues - mark all options except for Auto switch speaker on
(On a side note - these settings were the only ones that somehow worked. You are welcome to try other ones)
Now after setting this up, you will see a record icon for any call you make. Clicking it will start recording the call (showing a blue paw icon in the status bar). You can then hear the recorded calls by selecting the phone icon in the app.
Now to scenario I described:
- Plug your earphones in
- Make a call
- Click the record button. At this point, you won't hear the audio in your earphones but still in the phone
- Turn the speaker on, then turn it off
- You will now hear the audio in your earphones
Now after you hangup, you will hear both sides of the call starting the point you turned the speaker on and off.
This is really awkward. I guess christi is right by saying that the problem is in the kernel/ROM (as it worked properly with stock JB & KK). In addition, this app's dev told me it should have worked for me (using another mode - 34), and that he couldn't help if it didn't. So, I guess that until the kernel/ROM is fixed, we won't have call recording working normally in this ROM.
Digdis said:
Had problems in the past uploading videos, so will guide you step by step. Please try to keep up.
First of all make sure your device is properly rooted and that you uninstall all other call recording apps.
Now install BoldBeast call recorder.
After installation, go to the application setup, Call settings :
- Set call recording mode to 22
- Enable root options (took me a few times until it worked, but it should work)
- Fix Recording Issues - mark all options except for Auto switch speaker on
(On a side note - these settings were the only ones that somehow worked. You are welcome to try other ones)
Now after setting this up, you will see a record icon for any call you make. Clicking it will start recording the call (showing a blue paw icon in the status bar). You can then hear the recorded calls by selecting the phone icon in the app.
Now to scenario I described:
- Plug your earphones in
- Make a call
- Click the record button. At this point, you won't hear the audio in your earphones but still in the phone
- Turn the speaker on, then turn it off
- You will now hear the audio in your earphones
Now after you hangup, you will hear both sides of the call starting the point you turned the speaker on and off.
This is really awkward. I guess christi is right by saying that the problem is in the kernel/ROM (as it worked properly with stock JB & KK). In addition, this app's dev told me it should have worked for me (using another mode - 34), and that he couldn't help if it didn't. So, I guess that until the kernel/ROM is fixed, we won't have call recording working normally in this ROM.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks for ur explanation .. ( dis question is for christi .. he s promised me to make kernal with 2 way call recording ) wat about ur promise man ? can u remember it?
arunon2013 said:
thanks for ur explanation .. ( dis question is for christi .. he s promised me to make kernal with 2 way call recording ) wat about ur promise man ? can u remember it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Firstly, I got my device back. Secondly, I have never ever promised anything like that. I said that I will watch on it and see what can be done, so never promised a thing. This is not a priority for me since it's not my job or anything like this. I am making this for free and I have never charged anything so far. Who wants can donate, but again, I am not charging, so I am making this when I want/ have free time/ have the mood for it. If you still doubt it, or anyone does, I have the pm saved. Please don't say I promised when I didn't do such thing. Things like this drive me nuts. Have a nice day.
cool man.. i just said simply.. dont be serious. sorry if i anything did wrongly..
Sent from my p715 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Hello
My headphones with built-in microphone are detected by phone and they are working perfectly when I'm using an app to record sound. When I try to make a phone call - the headphone's microphone is not active, but phone's microphone is active. My headphones are Brainwavz Jive.
I have already tried to use Soundabout app and disabling "OK Google" detection but it's still not working. Also disabling Mi Sound does not work.
Can I do anything else?
I'm using MIUI Global Stable V8.1.1.0 MHOMIDI
I have same problem on miui8, microphone working on messengers call's perfect but when iam trying to call someone from phone then my microphone from headset not working..
Do u have root?
Haz3L said:
Hello
My headphones with built-in microphone are detected by phone and they are working perfectly when I'm using an app to record sound. When I try to make a phone call - the headphone's microphone is not active, but phone's microphone is active. My headphones are Brainwavz Jive.
I have already tried to use Soundabout app and disabling "OK Google" detection but it's still not working.
Can I do anything else?
I'm using MIUI Global Stable V8.1.1.0 MHOMIDI
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use Soundabout app from playstore it works...
What should we set in that app for this to be fixed?
vinay001 said:
Use Soundabout app from playstore it works...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you read my post? I said that it's not working for me.
Haz3L said:
Did you read my post? I said that it's not working for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Bro, is your phone rooted?
I have same problem with you. And soundabout is not solve it..
I use miui 7, because 8 not read LTE in my country, also not rooted.
What should we do?
LEGITBOOY said:
Bro, is your phone rooted?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, it isn't.
Haz3L said:
Hello
My headphones with built-in microphone are detected by phone and they are working perfectly when I'm using an app to record sound. When I try to make a phone call - the headphone's microphone is not active, but phone's microphone is active. My headphones are Brainwavz Jive.
I have already tried to use Soundabout app and disabling "OK Google" detection but it's still not working.
Can I do anything else?
I'm using MIUI Global Stable V8.1.1.0 MHOMIDI
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's a bug in 8.1.10. Wait for an update.
Haz3L said:
Did you read my post? I said that it's not working for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have u tested sound about app coz it works perfectly here, don't say its not working before you test properly u have to enable those options, turn on service and lock Soundabout app in memory try it works 100%..
vinay001 said:
Have u tested sound about app coz it works perfectly here, don't say its not working before you test properly u have to enable those options, turn on service and lock Soundabout app in memory try it works 100%..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have enabled those options and it's not working as I said.
Haz3L said:
I have enabled those options and it's not working as I said.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
have u rebooted ur phone after installing soundabout app , it works here wierd
You should try to disable Mi Sound Enhancer, maybe it should work.
LEGITBOOY said:
You should try to disable Mi Sound Enhancer, maybe it should work.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have tried that and it's not working.
I found this:
"
Navigate to /system and open the file “build.prop” in “RB Text Editor”
Find the line that says: persist.audio.fluence.voicecall=true
and change it to “false” so it reads persist.audio.fluence.voicecall=false
Reboot your phone
"
But you need to have rooted phone, can anyone try if this working?
Seems like it's an issue caused by the dialler. Either try using another dialler or flash a custom ROM. Getting rid of MIUI fixed it for me.
deltatux said:
Seems like it's an issue caused by the dialler. Either try using another dialler or flash a custom ROM. Getting rid of MIUI fixed it for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What ROM do you recommend?
Haz3L said:
What ROM do you recommend?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm using Slim 7 with success.
LEGITBOOY said:
Bro, is your phone rooted?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello bro,
same problm with me. and my phone is rooted. plez help
Hello guys , recently weird things started happening , when people call me i cant hear them nor thei cant hear me.I was on nitrogen os ,now i flash aospextended , same thing.Then i tried to turn on speaker on call and it worked ,i csn hear them on speaker and they can hear me.So why is my earpiece and mic is not working.Voice recording doesnt work too.
Update: Fixed installing Soundabout ,choosing earpiece and restarting phone.
Dziugsas said:
Update: Fixed installing Soundabout ,choosing earpiece and restarting phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The soundabout app is not available on appstore now. I tried installing using the apk but does not work, do you have any other solution ?
Dziugsas said:
Update: Fixed installing Soundabout ,choosing earpiece and restarting phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think ur phone stays in headphone mode.
Go to statusbar items option. And enable headset symbol. And check.
Black_Stark said:
I think ur phone stays in headphone mode.
Go to statusbar items option. And enable headset symbol. And check.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Checked, the icon is coming up only when headphones are connected so that does not seem to be the issue
sumedh13 said:
Checked, the icon is coming up only when headphones are connected so that does not seem to be the issue
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did u open the back cover and did any cleaning or diismantling.?
Black_Stark said:
Did u open the back cover and did any cleaning or diismantling.?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope, nothing. It had worked by doing the build.prop settings
From:
ro.vendor.audio.sdk.fluencetype=fluence
To:
ro.vendor.audio.sdk.fluencetype=none
Gave 644 permission to build.prop after the changes. This fixed the issue for the first time but issue appeared and not the change to build.prop does not work. I am on Pixel Experience Pie rom, I have tried flashing RR Oreo and Syberia Pie rom but the issue persists.
This mod enables the Earpiece speaker to be used at the same time with the main rear speaker when using listening to music, and watching videos etc...
Updated
Now TRUE STEREO with Earpiece playing the LEFT channel and rear speaker playing the RIGHT channel. Test with app of your choice.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
To install open the zip file and extract the "default_gain.conf" file and copy it to "/system/etc/default_gain.conf" using your preferred method.
Then set permissions to rw-r-r or 0644 ( e.g "chmod 0644 /system/etc/default_gain.conf" ) and REBOOT your device.
Volume levels are pushed to maximum possible without distortion with EQ on Earpiece speaker to remove low frequencies. Good luck.
Works on my SM-910K running MarshMallow 6.0.1.
WARNING!!!
THIS HAS ONLY BEEN TESTED ON THE DEVICE MENTIONED ABOVE. MAKE SURE TO BACKUP YOUR DEFAULT "default_gain.conf" FILE BEFORE INSTALLING THE NEW ONE.
(E.g "adb pull /system/etc/default_gain.conf [safe location here]" or "adb shell cp /system/etc/default_gain.conf /sdcard/default_gain.conf.bak" )
To be SAFE DO a NANDroid backup in Recovery.
Happy modding.
NOTE:
If you cannot find "/system/etc/default_gain.conf" file on your device then this MOD will NOT WORK for you. If that is the case you can try the other surround mods for other variants of the Note 4. This has only been tested to work on the N910K.
I created this one because the mods for the other variants didn't work on my phone since it uses the "default_gain.conf" file instead of the 'normal' "mixer_paths.xml" file.
Source
https://github.com/salvenose/dual_mod
Changelog
v1 -> Initial Dual Speaker Mod
v2 -> Upgrade to true stereo
v3 -> Fix for audio leak through earpiece while Headphone connected
Tried it on my N910F running 6.0.1 and seems like it works,but need to cover the main speaker to hear anything from the earpiece.
alexetna95 said:
Tried it on my N910F running 6.0.1 and seems like it works,but need to cover the main speaker to hear anything from the earpiece.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If there was a quick ON/OFF toggle you would notice that it makes quite a difference than with it turned off completely. Especially when you receive a notification etc... with your phone lying on a flat surface.
I haven't yet figured out how to manipulate the EQ settings for the front earpiece so that it only outputs mid-treble range without any bass.
Once I do, I'll be able to boost the volume without causing distortion. Otherwise it might damage the earpiece.
Where shoud I found that toogle ?
Actually I didn't find a "default_gain.conf" file in etc,so I just simply copied the one from your mod zip.
alexetna95 said:
Where shoud I found that toogle ?
Actually I didn't find a "default_gain.conf" file in etc,so I just simply copied the one from your mod zip.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you didn't find a "default_gain.conf" file then the mod definitely won't work. It's not working for you.
Would this work on N910U?
It works on the 910C running Nemesis
Good job OP, this mod on 910C it is been hit and miss with a lot of distortion. This is the best implementation I have used. ?
Finaly N910c has this mod
It is working. Thank you very much :highfive::highfive:
Came from @mangui's post in NEMESIS REFINED V3.8.5 N7 Port by*ananjaser1211
Confirmed!!! This work good on 910C , thanks very good mod
Working, but after first call - microphone stop working
Fixed call microphone
alextalexus said:
Working, but after first call - microphone stop working
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've fixed it ?
Hi theres a bug
when I plug in earphones , sound still comes out of front mic
Here is the source pushed to GitHub
https://github.com/salvenose/dual_mod
Possible Fix
Ryuce said:
Hi theres a bug
when I plug in earphones , sound still comes out of front mic
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you tell me if this fix works
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/salvenose/dual_mod/master/default_gain.conf
sVenose said:
Can you tell me if this fix works
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/salvenose/dual_mod/master/default_gain.conf
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks bro its fixed!
Ryuce said:
Thanks bro its fixed!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Alright. Just added v3 to the original post. Have a nice day and God bless you.
Wooooow
Thats awesome
V3 Working great on N910C ,
I found another bug
When i make phone call people i call cant hear me
Ryuce said:
I found another bug
When i make phone call people i call cant hear me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes i have the same problem,
I have to restart my phone, then it worka fine
Hi again,
After update to erobotrom v1.2, I have the same problem - microphone stop working. Somebody have the original mixer_path and default_gain or the other solution for this problem. Thx.
Hi guys I'm having a problem where on Android 7+ I have no sound please help me as soon as you can
Sonicfann said:
Hi guys I'm having a problem where on Android 7+ I have no sound please help me as soon as you can
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is the call volume is low, or no sound is coming out from speaker???
There's no sound from the speaker and the call volume doesn't work either
Sonicfann said:
There's no sound from the speaker and the call volume doesn't work either
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Is it works if you use head phone???
Well my headphone jack is broken but my Bluetooth earbuds work so yea
Sonicfann said:
Well my headphone jack is broken but my Bluetooth earbuds work so yea
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Then it should be Hardware problem, try hitting back of speak, something it works, if not you need to replace the speaker.
I think it's a software issue because games won't start they crash after the splash screen and the mic crashes Google Assistant and sound recorder
Sonicfann said:
I think it's a software issue because games won't start they crash after the splash screen and the mic crashes Google Assistant and sound recorder
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try flashing other custom ROM. Maybe it will solve your problem.
No you Don't get it it's on EVERY custom rom above 6.0.1 also I tried what you said it didn't work
(Crdroid 5.1 was the one that caused the prob btw)
Had this issue on my e 2015,I downloaded one of those speaker tester apps, and once I got to a high enough MHz sound,the speaker started working
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blackflame.internalspeakertester