Here is the latest modem / baseband out of the latest update NH5 . Install in odin or mobile odin. I can put together NH5 firmware only if anyone needs it but im sure it will be in Beanstown106 collection of modems and firmware thread soon enough and will probably be best off in that thread
. this is just for anyone who wants the modem right now like I did.
here it is https://www.dropbox.com/s/85ss6hl4xtqj09j/nh5modem.tar.md5?dl=0
For any first timers that are using ODin on your PC I recommend that you pull your battery for 10 seconds max and then reinsert it and then boot into download mode and then install using ODIN . If you dont do this the modem wont stick .
Forgot to add a screenie
View attachment 2935892
Q
spirodave said:
Forgot to add a screenie
View attachment 2935892
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can i ask you a noob question, why does one need a different kernel, modem, bootloader ? is it that if u put an official bootloader on a rooted phone GS5 you can use the Health app ? or why is the reason for having diffent kinds ? i search even with google and i just dont get the point but maybe u have a reason that i can understand , thanks for your time
iSeven77 said:
Can i ask you a noob question, why does one need a different kernel, modem, bootloader ? is it that if u put an official bootloader on a rooted phone GS5 you can use the Health app ? or why is the reason for having diffent kinds ? i search even with google and i just dont get the point but maybe u have a reason that i can understand , thanks for your time
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please ask in the Q/A. It's too long of an answer.
so you have had no issues with being on NG3 at all? wifi calling improved?
Could someone please explain how to install this modemn using mobile odin. Thanks
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
---------- Post added at 10:30 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:07 AM ----------
The modemn is considered what a boot, or recovery image or a zip file? Thanks
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
xda23 said:
Could someone please explain how to install this modemn using mobile odin. Thanks
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
---------- Post added at 10:30 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:07 AM ----------
The modemn is considered what a boot, or recovery image or a zip file? Thanks
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The original is a bin file . I converted it to a tar.md5 so it can be flashed in odin . Install it like any other tar.md5 you would install in mobile odin . I really cant explain it much better . Its pretty straight forward
sum1one said:
so you have had no issues with being on NG3 at all? wifi calling improved?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No problems at all . The modem doesnt have to match the firmware to work properly . Also wifi calling functions fine .Whether it has improved or not I cant say . I barely use it but I can confirm it fucntions properly . As far as mobile data I think it has improved as far as stability . It really varies for everyone depending on your location . I would suggest trying them all and at least test each one for a whole day before deciding .
hmmm no doubt, ill give it a shot! thnx!
spirodave said:
The original is a bin file . I converted it to a tar.md5 so it can be flashed in odin . Install it like any other tar.md5 you would install in mobile odin . I really cant explain it much better . Its pretty straight forward
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well Im tried installing the modemn with mobile Odin and it factory reset my phone no new modemn.
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
xda23 said:
Well Im tried installing the modemn with mobile Odin and it factory reset my phone no new modemn.
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Why dont you just use a PC to flash it ... Word of advice if you flash using your PC . Make sure to pull the battery for about 10 seconds and then boot into download mode . If you dont the modem will not stick . By the way if mobile Odin factory reset your phone then you did something wrong , probably had it set to do that . If i were you I would read and investigate more before doing anything that might brick your phone ..
please!
..can you make firmware only package bro?. I really need it and im sure others will appreciate it as much as i will
spirodave said:
Why dont you just use a PC to flash it ... Word of advice if you flash using your PC . Make sure to pull the battery for about 10 seconds and then boot into download mode . If you dont the modem will not stick . By the way if mobile Odin factory reset your phone then you did something wrong , probably had it set to do that . If i were you I would read and investigate more before doing anything that might brick your phone ..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I would but I don't have a computer.
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
xda23 said:
I would but I don't have a computer.
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah i was starting to thinlk that might be the case . I would post a thread in the q/a section . Make sure you go into your settings in the mobile odin app and see what options are set . I know a lot of people use mobile odin on xda so you are probably better searching in a different thread for answers.
xda23 said:
I would but I don't have a computer.
Sent from my SM-G900T using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
here check in this thread
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2363257
Doesnt ahve a lot in the OP but im sure people there can better answer your questions
please!!!
..can you make firmware only package bro?. I really need it and im sure others will appreciate it as much as i will
spirodave said:
Here is the latest modem / baseband out of the latest update NH5 . Install in odin or mobile odin. I can put together NH5 firmware only if anyone needs it but im sure it will be in Beanstown106 collection of modems and firmware thread soon enough and will probably be best off in that thread
. this is just for anyone who wants the modem right now like I did.
here it is https://www.dropbox.com/s/85ss6hl4xtqj09j/nh5modem.tar.md5?dl=0
For any first timers that are using ODin on your PC I recommend that you pull your battery for 10 seconds max and then reinsert it and then boot into download mode and then install using ODIN . If you dont do this the modem wont stick .
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
geedos said:
..can you make firmware only package bro?. I really need it and im sure others will appreciate it as much as i will
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah but it will be this afternoon
thank you so so much!
spirodave said:
Yeah but it will be this afternoon
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
works great, thanks!
If I update to the NH5 firmware, will this also update the modem and bootloader or do I have to do these separately?
Related
So the thing is I'm using ROOTBOX ICS rom, and because I'm willing to gift my phone to a cousin I did a Factory Reset, then my phone turn off and when it tries to wake up, after Samsung logo, it makes like a blink on the screen... every 3 seconds.
I can't enter CWM Recovery using VolUp+Menu+Power, however I can enter Download Mode using VolDown+Menu+Power.
So guys, give me a solution here please.
Thank you so much.
alainalemany said:
So the thing is I'm using ROOTBOX ICS rom, and because I'm willing to gift my phone to a cousin I did a Factory Reset, then my phone turn off and when it tries to wake up, after Samsung logo, it makes like a blink on the screen... every 3 seconds.
I can't enter CWM Recovery using VolUp+Menu+Power, however I can enter Download Mode using VolDown+Menu+Power.
So guys, give me a solution here please.
Thank you so much.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Go to www.sammobile.com and download a stock firmware for your device and flash through odin.
kilometers4 said:
Go to www.sammobile.com and download a stock firmware for your device and flash through odin.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you SO MUCH for your quick answer.
Correct me if I'm wrong. This post helps me? Check in ICS part, he advice to download a firmware (which I think is a stock one), then a kernel, and Odin.
Thanks again.
I've had that problem already. Check the thread link below and get the stock firmware for your device and flash it with Odin.
http://www.google.tt/url?sa=t&sourc...s4GAAw&usg=AFQjCNGy84IPLFxF4qAfKfMxdPjNS5m4-A
Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk 2
alainalemany said:
Thank you SO MUCH for your quick answer.
Correct me if I'm wrong. This post helps me? Check in ICS part, he advice to download a firmware (which I think is a stock one), then a kernel, and Odin.
Thanks again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea looks good, just looked at it quickly and it seems right.
kilometers4 said:
Yea looks good, just looked at it quickly and it seems right.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK thanks dude... downloading.
cannot flash with odin
I too have the same problem and can only boot into download mode, but odin doesn't detect my device. Help please, I can only boot into download or it will boot normally and be stuck on the boot logo. Any solutions anyone?
mark.r22 said:
I too have the same problem and can only boot into download mode, but odin doesn't detect my device. Help please, I can only boot into download or it will boot normally and be stuck on the boot logo. Any solutions anyone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Make sure you have the drivers installed and Kies is completely closed (check task manager).
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
yes i closed kies via the task manager and checked that all drivers were installed
kilometers4 said:
Make sure you have the drivers installed and Kies is completely closed (check task manager).
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have a similar problem lik this ...is there any way to get the CWM back only ?? then i can flash another ROM .... i am not willing to flash Stock again ....is there any other way other than Flashing Stock ROM ???
help sgs2 no display
hi guys, anybody can give me info on what to do with my sgs2? after updating to ics 4.0.4 my phone was ok, then i turned it off and tried to turn it on again...suddenly there was no display but the lcd is getting hot. tried to boot in recovery and download mode but nothing happened. i already removed the battery since i'm worried the lcd is getting hotter...pls help on what to do, big tnx and more power!
yarzaea said:
hi guys, anybody can give me info on what to do with my sgs2? after updating to ics 4.0.4 my phone was ok, then i turned it off and tried to turn it on again...suddenly there was no display but the lcd is getting hot. tried to boot in recovery and download mode but nothing happened. i already removed the battery since i'm worried the lcd is getting hotter...pls help on what to do, big tnx and more power!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Listen read this unless you find your solution by youself
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1756242
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
---------- Post added at 12:23 AM ---------- Previous post was at 12:21 AM ----------
techno-np said:
I have a similar problem lik this ...is there any way to get the CWM back only ?? then i can flash another ROM .... i am not willing to flash Stock again ....is there any other way other than Flashing Stock ROM ???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flash siyah 5.0.1. tar file via Odin.. U will get CWM.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
techno-np said:
I have a similar problem lik this ...is there any way to get the CWM back only ?? then i can flash another ROM .... i am not willing to flash Stock again ....is there any other way other than Flashing Stock ROM ???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Flashing another kernel like siyah might help you.
Using GT - I9100
I thank those who give helpful comments
I expect the same from others.
techno-np said:
I have a similar problem lik this ...is there any way to get the CWM back only ?? then i can flash another ROM .... i am not willing to flash Stock again ....is there any other way other than Flashing Stock ROM ???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you don't want to flash a stock ROM, root, and flash a custom ROM again, you can use one of odin flashable files for custom kernels, not all have one but you can check (Dorimanx for example)
xDa_nightfury said:
Listen read this unless you find your solution by youself
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1756242
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
---------- Post added at 12:23 AM ---------- Previous post was at 12:21 AM ----------
Flash siyah 5.0.1. tar file via Odin.. U will get CWM.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
unfortunately, i have already bricked my s2 as confirmed from the warning thread...in anycase, is there anyway to recover my s2 and have it working again? i already tried a usb jig and it didn't do anything supposed to do, i am not sure if a jtag would work and if does, i don't know where to bring it, i am from the philippines and i couldn't find any decent repair shop that promotes jtag...hope to find a solution?
yarzaea said:
unfortunately, i have already bricked my s2 as confirmed from the warning thread...in anycase, is there anyway to recover my s2 and have it working again? i already tried a usb jig and it didn't do anything supposed to do, i am not sure if a jtag would work and if does, i don't know where to bring it, i am from the philippines and i couldn't find any decent repair shop that promotes jtag...hope to find a solution?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If the usb jig is not working then your only option is jtag or else motherboard replacement. Your best bet is to come clean to Samsung and hope that they give you a replacement
Sent from my GT-I9100
If I helped you, please hit the thanks button!
ramnex said:
If the usb jig is not working then your only option is jtag or else motherboard replacement. Your best bet is to come clean to Samsung and hope that they give you a replacement
Sent from my GT-I9100
If I helped you, please hit the thanks button!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i really wanted to try a jtag but dunno where in the philippines perform such procedure? tho, been thinking of bringing my s2 to samsung and have it estimated since it is no longer covered by warranty...but, this is the philippines, there are no such thing as coming in clean, they will try to bleed you for that precious sg2...tnx alot for your prompt reply and more power!
hello everyone
sorry my english is bad
I want to ask I want to downgrade the modem firmware of i9100xxls8 jellybean
whether as a result?
experienced people please help me because I lose signal every time even in the city:crying:
thank you ...!:highfive:
putu1996 said:
hello everyone
sorry my english is bad
I want to ask I want to downgrade the modem firmware of i9100xxls8 jellybean
whether as a result?
experienced people please help me because I lose signal every time even in the city:crying:
thank you ...!:highfive:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You have to try each modem to suite you. For example, lp1 works great with me until last night it broken and my simcard not detect, now I'm using ls6. Some people suggest to try kh3 and dvl. But honestly, you better flash your self to see the result. Here I give you link to our beloved member's host site. You can find his collections of modems. And my suggestion, you might want to install GetRIL from play store as well.
http://d-h.st/users/ApriliaM3/?fld_id=0#files
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda app-developers app
kunterk said:
You have to try each modem to suite you. For example, lp1 works great with me until last night it broken and my simcard not detect, now I'm using ls6. Some people suggest to try kh3 and dvl. But honestly, you better flash your self to see the result. Here I give you link to our beloved member's host site. You can find his collections of modems. And my suggestion, you might want to install GetRIL from play store as well.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've downloaded the modem dxlp7 but how do I flash it?
putu1996 said:
I've downloaded the modem dxlp7 but how do I flash it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
From cwm. Try search. Got plenty out there. My fav is dorimanx.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using xda app-developers app
putu1996 said:
I've downloaded the modem dxlp7 but how do I flash it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If your phone is rooted and you have a custom recovery, shut down your phone, hold the power + home + volume up buttons to boot into recovery. Flash your modem through recovery.
can i install KERNEL-INU-I9300XXEMG5-1374062662 on my stock rom without root. below is screen shoot of current firmware
Stupid text size unable to read post
It's okay for me, if I hold the screen at arms length.
To answer the OP, yes you can -go read the stickies in general on how to use odin.
Why would you want to? You're wanting to flash xxemg5 kernel over xxemg5 kernel?....
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 4
rootSU said:
Why would you want to? You're wanting to flash xxemg5 kernel over xxemg5 kernel?....
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
because KERNEL-INU-I9300XXEMG5-1374062662 but currently i am using is 1292854
i appreciate your replies....... but i also want to know ...... can i go through without root my phone
walia_mini said:
i appreciate your replies....... but i also want to know ...... can i go through without root my phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your post is irrelevant since you're just attempting to flash something that's completely the same. Better research first well on how things go in here before attempting to flash anything cause I bet you'll end up bricking your phone.
walia_mini said:
because KERNEL-INU-I9300XXEMG5-1374062662 but currently i am using is 1292854
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Why do you think the 11 character number is related in any way to the 7 character number?
Its the same kernel. There is only 1 XXEMG5 kernel and you already have it. The next kernel is XXEMG6
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 4
rootSU said:
Why do you think the 11 character number is related in any way to the 7 character number?
Its the same kernel. There is only 1 XXEMG5 kernel and you already have it. The next kernel is XXEMG6
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanx for help me....... but i explain to all thing.................
one day my phone got OTA update ........after the update my phone usb not working with my PC as MTP or Mass storage.. but it works with odin............. i want to solution of usb problem........ ............ Please suggest me what should i do.
i want to go back factory default kernel.......... i dont know which was it.......................... i am confused.............
and can i flash previous kernel on current Firmware ?
and if yes ......... there is need of root or not..........
walia_mini said:
i want to go back factory default kernel.......... i dont know which was it.......................... i am confused.............
and can i flash previous kernel on current Firmware ?
and if yes ......... there is need of root or not..........
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Go to the General section and read the basic faqs and guides before you brick your phone .
Flash previous kernel on current firmware not recommended .
Trying to install a kernel is not your answer required and is plain stupid .
Suggest you flash stock firmware through Odin after reading the guides .
But if an OTA updated messed up your phone you should take it to a service centre.
Hey
I was running stock firmware but did root and changed to CM11 all going well untill i upgraded one day and
now when i look into my storage it is just showing a full 16gb and not showing separate file systems. eg 2gb internal and then the
rest.
I can get into download mode and recovery and i can also load new roms in odin.
but i just dont think the file system is correct anymore.
can anyone help me?
i have a GT-I9300T model
I think that PIT file should help you
verny94 said:
I think that PIT file should help you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i have tryed but just dont know how to use it correctly
imation_nz said:
i have tryed but just dont know how to use it correctly
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I would keep well away from pit files if i where you! You should only use pit files if you can't boot your phone and have tried everything else pit files have the potential to brick your device..That said have you tried using a root explorer to look at your system files?
Edit just seen you have a T mobile edition you need to post your question here http://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s3-t-mobile any advice or files flashed from this forum could brick your device.
melanoma69 said:
kki
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What's the point of posting meaningless comments on XDA!! Every comment you have made in peoples post's is useless and not helpful do you want to get band before you have even started.If you have nothing to say that's is constructive and helpful to the thread then don't post or you will be reported!
tallman43 said:
I would keep well away from pit files if i where you! You should only use pit files if you can't boot your phone and have tried everything else pit files have the potential to brick your device..That said have you tried using a root explorer to look at your system files?
Edit just seen you have a T mobile edition you need to post your question here http://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s3-t-mobile any advice or files flashed from this forum could brick your device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am sure i am not a T Mobile. its just a different version of the gt-I9300 which i am loading same rom versions on
Am in aussie
can someone please confirm this is how android now does its files ??
cos i did some reading and seems our files are emulated or something now.
imation_nz said:
can someone please confirm this is how android now does its files ??
cos i did some reading and seems our files are emulated or something now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yep that's why i wanted to know if you had used a root explorer...Read this it explains everything and also how to free up some files >> http://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s3/general/info-flashed-4-2-sdcard-data-t2274218 <<
Thanks will read up on that just one thing does this screw up a restore of titanium Backup?
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Free mobile app
imation_nz said:
Thanks will read up on that just one thing does this screw up a restore of titanium Backup?
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It shouldn't do i have never had any problems with titanium backup because of it but if you are unsure just make a backup of you titanium folder just in-case.
Thanks for the info. I got it all sorted and phone back up and running yay
Sent from my GT-I9300 using XDA Free mobile app
I am using Liquid Smooth 4.4.2 it's really nice I recommend for S3
Sent from my GT-I9300 using XDA Free mobile app
I
GT_I9300 - Liquid Smooth 4.4.2
GT_I9100 - Soon 2 B Liquid Smooth
tallman43 said:
I would keep well away from pit files if i where you! You should only use pit files if you can't boot your phone and have tried everything else pit files have the potential to brick your device..That said have you tried using a root explorer to look at your system files?
Edit just seen you have a T mobile edition you need to post your question here http://forum.xda-developers.com/galaxy-s3-t-mobile any advice or files flashed from this forum could brick your device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
imation_nz said:
I am sure i am not a T Mobile. its just a different version of the gt-I9300 which i am loading same rom versions on
Am in aussie
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Indeed the i9300T is the same as the i9300 in all hardware aspects.
The 'T' version has the baseband optimised for the 850 Mhz frequency range to get a better reception from Telecom.
Its an Australian/New Zealand Version
Hi
Was advised by someone on here that I can flash with CM11.
Am also advised that phone may then not work with sim!I
'm told that this can be avoided/resolved by running something called s5360 modem within Odin
What I'm not clear on is when and how to apply the s5360? Is it before flash to avoid prob or after to resolve? Also what is best version of Odin to use?
Thanks
Simon Sudbury said:
Hi
Was advised by someone on here that I can flash with CM11.
Am also advised that phone may then not work with sim!I
'm told that this can be avoided/resolved by running something called s5360 modem within Odin
What I'm not clear on is when and how to apply the s5360? Is it before flash to avoid prob or after to resolve? Also what is best version of Odin to use?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
51 views, no response. Wow.
Simon Sudbury said:
51 views, no response. Wow.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I just don't understand why you guys don't give more help. We use your progs but then it's as if your on your own when you ask for advice.
Very weird.
Simon Sudbury said:
Hi
Was advised by someone on here that I can flash with CM11.
Am also advised that phone may then not work with sim!I
'm told that this can be avoided/resolved by running something called s5360 modem within Odin
What I'm not clear on is when and how to apply the s5360? Is it before flash to avoid prob or after to resolve? Also what is best version of Odin to use?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It must be done using PC and software called Odin. U can use v3.27 and you will find lots of guide on flashing these
Sent from my GT-S7562 using XDA Free mobile app
Simon Sudbury said:
Hi
Was advised by someone on here that I can flash with CM11.
Am also advised that phone may then not work with sim!I
'm told that this can be avoided/resolved by running something called s5360 modem within Odin
What I'm not clear on is when and how to apply the s5360? Is it before flash to avoid prob or after to resolve? Also what is best version of Odin to use?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It must be done using PC and software called Odin. U can use v3.27 and you will find lots of guide on flashing these
Sent from my GT-S7562 using XDA Free mobile app
Simon Sudbury said:
Hi
Was advised by someone on here that I can flash with CM11.
Am also advised that phone may then not work with sim!I
'm told that this can be avoided/resolved by running something called s5360 modem within Odin
What I'm not clear on is when and how to apply the s5360? Is it before flash to avoid prob or after to resolve? Also what is best version of Odin to use?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It must be done using PC and software called Odin. U can use v3.27 and you will find lots of guide on flashing these
Sent from my GT-S7562 using XDA Free mobile app
Rabin Jamakatel said:
It must be done using PC and software called Odin. U can use v3.27 and you will find lots of guide on flashing these
Sent from my GT-S7562 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Many thanks for these replies. Yes, I understand how to do it now. Unfortunately my problem now is somewhat different. I can't get CWM 6.0.5.3 to work as it keeps saying it's for other models. I'm stuck as I then can't use the older CWM to install CM11?
Simon Sudbury said:
Many thanks for these replies. Yes, I understand how to do it now. Unfortunately my problem now is somewhat different. I can't get CWM 6.0.5.3 to work as it keeps saying it's for other models. I'm stuck as I then can't use the older CWM to install CM11?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use this link to download cwm
http://forum.xda-developers.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=2868460&d=1406208414
Simon Sudbury said:
I just don't understand why you guys don't give more help. We use your progs but then it's as if your on your own when you ask for advice.
Very weird.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This device is just under 4 years old. Everybody has moved on. If you asked these questions 18 months ago you would get many replies. But not anymore.
Envy-X said:
This device is just under 4 years old. Everybody has moved on. If you asked these questions 18 months ago you would get many replies. But not anymore.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Apologies for being so out of touch. The link provided is for 6.0.5.3 which won't run on the 5830i as stated in my earlier post.
Very frustrating.