[Q] Cube U27GT - Help with Rooting a Stock Rom and can we get a forum? - Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Dear Admins,
Could we get a forum setup for the Cube U27GT WiFi version? I dug around on the site a bit beforehand but didn't see one, I apologize if I missed it and please direct me there if I did.
I have this tablet and I am doing some initial basic firmware development for it and want a proper place to start putting threads.
Dear Dev Community,
I can't root this bloody thing... At least, not the rom itself. Let me explain...
I can flash the stock rom from Cube and that can be rooted using Kango Root. --Fine...
However, I can't figure out how to replicate this when I make my own rom.
Thus far, here is what I have attempted...
1. Setup dsixda's excellent kitchen on my Ubuntu workstation.
2. Unpack the rom, clean things up, manually put the boot image into the dsixda unpacked working rom folder, run dsixda's root functionality (which add SU binary to xbin and SuperSu apk file to app folder as well as do some things with the boot image file).
3. Rather than using repack with Dsixda (which makes an update.zip image which I can't use because the stock recovery environment on this device can't flash zip update files and I can't for the life of me figure out how to get and or make a working CWM or TWRP recovery image for this unit)...
4. What I do is I run commands in linux to unpack the stock rom to another directory and mount that directory, then clear out a bunch of folders and then manually copy in my files from dsixda's working folder, then repackage up my unpacked stock rom into a new system.img file.
5. Then copy my now modified boot image, system image, and also userdata image (I modify that as well as that is where most all of the chinese bloatware is loaded from) to my SP_Flash_Tool, generate new checksum.ini file and flash normally...
What I get as a result...
1. As long as I am really careful with how I copy files into my new image, the new system flashes okay (if I am not careful, after flash USB storage for some reason has a format error and the system will boot but can't mount USB storage and other odd issues ensue as a result).
2. Assuming everything flashes okay, and no issue with USB storage partition, I have SuperSU installed and when I go to use an app (ES File Explorer or Root Checker) that require's root, I do get the prompt. However none of the root functions actually work and Root Checker tells me I am not rooted.
That is as far as I have got. So as a result, I have a really nice, westernized, cleaned up rom but with no root.
Anyone have any ideas?
This is my first adventure into mod'ing MTK roms so I am sure I am doing all kinds of things wrong . I had a good bit of experience on Rockchip SoC's before this though.
Kind regards and thanks in advance!
Roman

Figured it out!
So I finally did the following rather hackish work-around...
1. Flash stock firmware...
2. Root with Kingo Root
3. Enabled ADB
4. Attach to PC and fire up MTK Droid Tools
5. Take a full backup
6. Modify the system image from the backup and make changes
7. Put that in new firmware flash package
8. Flash new firmware
YAY - Cleaned up rom, modified, with root!
Once I get it all packaged up and uploaded to mtkfirmware.com I will post a link for anyone that wants a cleaned up rom with root!
The only downfall of the above method is that it absolutely requires that the developer have a device on hand because you can't just root the stock image file (at least, I couldn't figure out how... - bleh...
Kind Regards,
Roman

Dear roman,
Thanks for your hard work.
I have a simple question (I think) and if you have the time to reply or -any other android guru- I would be thankful.
My later issue was with a U27GT cube tablet, but I have others, one for each kid, and this is more of general question.
I am reading this and other forums about how to flash tablets from PC. My question is:
Can the flashing process be done from a SD card?
Thanks a lot and regards,
Fernando
SKorea

Related

[Q] MTK6573 custom recovery and backups / Stock Boot, Recovery + Scatter included

Phone is a Star X19i
Now I'm looking at getting a system to allow me to back up the rom and re-flash if needed.
Post 4 has attachments of my boot, recovery and scatter files.
Old issue: (Solved)
Stupid thing I did I renamed the mtklockscreen.odex to mtklockscreen.odex1 just as a test in a half asleep phase to see if I would get the stock lockscreen loading.
Suffice to say the phone no longer boots.
Really don't think I can get into ADB and rename the file to get the phone booting again unless anyone knows a way.
Android was 2.3.6 and I asked the seller if it was possible to get the rom incase anything like happened which they didn't.
So anyone have any ideas?
I have attached the stock recovery and boot images made with cat and a scatter file I made to post 4.
As I have no idea about modifying these for hard root can anyone take a look?
I don't know the specifics of the phone, but if you can go into recovery mode maybe you can get adb working, or use a flashable zip to rename the file by installing it from recovery (just need to edit the zips' updater script)
dxppxd said:
I don't know the specifics of the phone, but if you can go into recovery mode maybe you can get adb working, or use a flashable zip to rename the file by installing it from recovery (just need to edit the zips' updater script)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I got into built in Factory mode and can see the file I renamed through ADB and android commander but cannot rename it back due to not having hard root access.
I also have a copy of the boot and recovery partitions 5 and 6 respectively I made in the adb shell yesterday as I was half looking at getting hard root access.
ren mtklockscreen.odex1 mtklockscreen.odex
ren: permission denied
I read you can do a custom recovery with root using SP Tools still so can anyone help me do this?
I know about system root etc and stuff and have flashed roms before on other tablets and have been a PC I.T tech (wouldn't think it due to the stupid mistake) but this recovery and scatter files etc is kinda new to me.
I have a scatter file now I just made if anyone is interested in helping me.
Yes I have a MTK6573 but the scatter file came from the MT6516 Rom Studio which I read works the same for the 6573.
Attached is also my stock boot and recovery partitions I made with cat yesterday if there usable to anyone to help.
Well I got it working and fixed.
I had to go into adb shell and su and mount the file system as writable, as I have used linux before I didn't know about android and what needed to be done and permission locks etc.
The stock boot, recovery and scatter files will remain on this thread if anyone wants to help create or find a recovery which can allow me to create backups and flash custom roms.
I may be able to provide a dump of android 2.3.6 for those that want it once I'm provided with a backup solution as I have read a few people wanting this updated android rom.
This got too close to what I would like liked with bricking this phone.
And I'm not comfortable unless I have a rom backup of this.
Rooting Advice: For anyone with a MTK6573 on Android 2.3.6 trying to root but having issues with super one click make sure you only turn on USB debugging after Android has loaded and just before you plug the usb cable in to run super one click.
I have seen a few thread and posters here about not being able to root the phone and this is the cause that debug needs to be switched on right before you connect and try to root.
Original seller has agreed to send the firmware and flashing stuff on cd for me so I can upload it for you all.
This is a win for MTK6573 Star X19i owners as I'll have the updated 2.3.6 Gingerbread firmware to release for you all root modify etc in a week or so.
Be careful with ROM studio. I believe it is not compatible with MT6573.
You want to read this: http://bm-smartphone-reviews.blogspot.com/2012_04_01_archive.html
cybermaus said:
Be careful with ROM studio. I believe it is not compatible with MT6573.
You want to read this: http://bm-smartphone-reviews.blogspot.com/2012_04_01_archive.html
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's what I read and did to get my scatter as I used cat then used the program linked in that thread to generate the scatter.

[Q] Extract Compressed File to SD Card Director on First Boot

Hey guys,
I'm currently in the middle of developing my own ROM for an S802 based TV box (M8). I am close to releasing but I have a few issues, one very much in particular. I am trying to find a script that will extract a .tar file to the /sdcard/ directory on first boot of the ROM but I'm having a hell of a time. I am a reseller of these boxes and I'm trying to get my Kodi userdata to extract into the proper directory, /sdcard/Android/data/, on first boot but nothing I do seems to be working. Currently I'm using a script called installApk.sh. From what I've gathered it works fine for extracting .tar files to non-sdcard directories but when I attempt to point the extract path of the tar to the /sdcard/ directory it fails. I've also tried decompiling the kodi apk, injecting all of my userdata directly into the apk and re-signing but that causes all of the addons to fail. I'm wondering if any of you have run into a similar issue or know a solution to my problem. Any help is appreciated. Thanks.
Mag
th3magpi3 said:
Hey guys,
I'm currently in the middle of developing my own ROM for an S802 based TV box (M8). I am close to releasing but I have a few issues, one very much in particular. I am trying to find a script that will extract a .tar file to the /sdcard/ directory on first boot of the ROM but I'm having a hell of a time. I am a reseller of these boxes and I'm trying to get my Kodi userdata to extract into the proper directory, /sdcard/Android/data/, on first boot but nothing I do seems to be working. Currently I'm using a script called installApk.sh. From what I've gathered it works fine for extracting .tar files to non-sdcard directories but when I attempt to point the extract path of the tar to the /sdcard/ directory it fails. I've also tried decompiling the kodi apk, injecting all of my userdata directly into the apk and re-signing but that causes all of the addons to fail. I'm wondering if any of you have run into a similar issue or know a solution to my problem. Any help is appreciated. Thanks.
Mag
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
see Introduction : How to build an Android ROM - XDA-University
[GUIDE] [how to] CREATE OWN ROM [FOR ANY ANDROID DEVICE] [FOR N00B] [EASIEST METHODS] by lokeshsaini94
This thread will be moved to Android Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

How to create flashable zip from system.img?

I have a system.img file, which I extracted from a 20J KDZ. I would now like to convert it into a flashable zip. I have 2 reasons for this. One, I dont want to have to use LGUP to revert my phone to a 100% stock system. It is much easier to just flash a zip of the system partition. Two, I would like to get into modding and ROM development. I believe that it is best to start from pure stock and make changes from there, instead of basing your work off of something that someone else has already modded.
I found these threads but they're a bit old (Lollipop):
1. http://forum.xda-developers.com/lg-v10/development/lg-h901-stock-img-files-boot-recovery-t3238638
2. http://forum.xda-developers.com/tmobile-lg-v10/development/lg-h901-stock-images-device-restore-t3241170
In one of them a member provided img's for recovery, boot, and system. In the other thread flashable zips of these img's were posted. These are for the Tmo v10. So it's not a matter of whether it can be done, but how. What tools are needed?
I downloaded the zip from one of the aforementioned threads, deleted the boot.img, replaced his system.img with mine, edited updater-script, and zipped up the meta-inf and system.img files with 7zip. I also checked to be sure that the block to be flashed was correct, it is the same (even though my img is for MM). I tried flashing with TWRP, I immediately get an error code 6.
What should I do?
Just off the subject slightly...but Eliminater74 already has a flashable zip (thought TWRP) for the 20J release. Its a 2 Part System.
Eliminator74's zip is modified. I want to take a 100% pure stock system.img (extracted from stock firmware) and put it into a zip that can be flashed in TWRP. When I say stock, that's what I mean. No root, no Xposed, no BusyBox, nothing. This has already been done for Lollipop on the v10, but I have MM. I have already explained why I want to do this. I'm currently looking into whether Superr's Kitchen can accomplish this.
He has a Fully Stock 20J release..just gotta read the thread..
AnonVendetta said:
I have a system.img file, which I extracted from a 20J KDZ. I would now like to convert it into a flashable zip. I have 2 reasons for this. One, I dont want to have to use LGUP to revert my phone to a 100% stock system. It is much easier to just flash a zip of the system partition. Two, I would like to get into modding and ROM development. I believe that it is best to start from pure stock and make changes from there, instead of basing your work off of something that someone else has already modded.
I found these threads but they're a bit old (Lollipop):
1. http://forum.xda-developers.com/lg-v10/development/lg-h901-stock-img-files-boot-recovery-t3238638
2. http://forum.xda-developers.com/tmobile-lg-v10/development/lg-h901-stock-images-device-restore-t3241170
In one of them a member provided img's for recovery, boot, and system. In the other thread flashable zips of these img's were posted. These are for the Tmo v10. So it's not a matter of whether it can be done, but how. What tools are needed?
I downloaded the zip from one of the aforementioned threads, deleted the boot.img, replaced his system.img with mine, edited updater-script, and zipped up the meta-inf and system.img files with 7zip. I also checked to be sure that the block to be flashed was correct, it is the same (even though my img is for MM). I tried flashing with TWRP, I immediately get an error code 6.
What should I do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What tool did you use to extract the KDZ? I am trying to get a stock boot.img for the H901J build and I cannot seem to find it. I used the WindowsLGFirmwareExtract 1.2.5.0 release and all I see are a ton of .bin files and system.img. Is boot.img inside system.img?
@Sippi4x4man: I also used WindowsLGFirmwareExtract. Inside the KDZ there is a DZ and DLL file. Just extract the DZ, then you see lots of BINs. The system.img is split up (since it's around 4GB alone), but the tool can combine the pieces into one file. I was able to figure out how to manually flash the IMG, by running a dd command with TWRP's terminal emulator.
dd if=/external_sd/system.img of=/dev/block/platform/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/system
It takes a few minutes to finish, followed by a message that says no more space is available (I guess /system got filled up). I think when you dd anything you are copying both free and used space, since an IMG is usually just a (sometimes raw) disk image. TWRP will also initially say that no system is installed, I just ignored it, the device boots fine, everything is pure stock, no issues at all. System is mountable after subsequent boots into recovery. I used Magisk and the phh Superuser Magisk module to gain root without modding system partition, and the Magisk version of Xposed. But I would still like to create a flashable zip to automate this. If I figure it out I don't mind uploading it so the community can benefit.
As for the stock boot.img, I would imagine that the boot.bin inside the DZ is probably what you're after. The file size seems about right. However, I tried renaming boot.bin to boot.img and flashing from TWRP. Device wouldn't boot. So maybe there is some other conversion process that needs to be done. I can't think of any other way to obtain a pure stock boot image, extracting it from stock firmware seems like a sure way. If you ever figure it out then please provide a copy. Make sure it isn't patched by SuperSU, Xposed, Magisk, etc. I could maybe merge it into a stock zip.
AnonVendetta said:
@Sippi4x4man: I also used WindowsLGFirmwareExtract. Inside the KDZ there is a DZ and DLL file. Just extract the DZ, then you see lots of BINs. The system.img is split up (since it's around 4GB alone), but the tool can combine the pieces into one file. I was able to figure out how to manually flash the IMG, by running a dd command with TWRP's terminal emulator.
dd if=/external_sd/system.img of=/dev/block/platform/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/system
It takes a few minutes to finish, followed by a message that says no more space is available (I guess /system got filled up). I think when you dd anything you are copying both free and used space, since an IMG is usually just a (sometimes raw) disk image. TWRP will also initially say that no system is installed, I just ignored it, the device boots fine, everything is pure stock, no issues at all. System is mountable after subsequent boots into recovery. I used Magisk and the phh Superuser Magisk module to gain root without modding system partition, and the Magisk version of Xposed. But I would still like to create a flashable zip to automate this. If I figure it out I don't mind uploading it so the community can benefit.
As for the stock boot.img, I would imagine that the boot.bin inside the DZ is probably what you're after. The file size seems about right. However, I tried renaming boot.bin to boot.img and flashing from TWRP. Device wouldn't boot. So maybe there is some other conversion process that needs to be done. I can't think of any other way to obtain a pure stock boot image, extracting it from stock firmware seems like a sure way. If you ever figure it out then please provide a copy. Make sure it isn't patched by SuperSU, Xposed, Magisk, etc. I could maybe merge it into a stock zip.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's been a while from this post... But I'm looking after the same goal you were and got the same error 6 trying the same things you described in your previous posts. Despite of these long 4 years, let me try: did you finally achieve to make the flashable zip with system.img?
I do not own an LG V10 anymore.....it is the most garbage phone I've ever had.
I now use SuperR's Kitchen to create flashable zip from system.img. Works like a charm every time. Downside is that you need a PC to use it. It works for all phones (but you must also have an unlocked bootloader and custom recovery, or you will not be able to flash the zip). There are both free and donate versions, both will work fine.
AnonVendetta said:
I do not own an LG V10 anymore.....it is the most garbage phone I've ever had.
I now use SuperR's Kitchen to create flashable zip from system.img. Works like a charm every time. Downside is that you need a PC to use it. It works for all phones (but you must also have an unlocked bootloader and custom recovery, or you will not be able to flash the zip). There are both free and donate versions, both will work fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you for your reply. My device is Lenovo Z6 Pro but I thought this wouldn't make a difference.
Just to be sure, what you get with SuperR's Kitchen is a zip including system.img file and not the /system folder, right? Thank you in advance.
Edit: I had tried with other kitchen softwares with no success but SuperR's Kitchen did the job as you said, like a charm. Tons of thanks.
@descarao81: No, SuperR's Kitchen does not include system.img/boot.img, you must provide them yourself. They are device-specific. And system.img is a very large file, so it cannot reasonably be included in the Kitchen zip.
Yeah, maybe I wasn't clear, I meant if the resultant zip would include those raw image files being the original image files provided by the user. It's clear now. Thank you.
Here is how to do it...
1. Go to:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/tm.../lg-h901-stock-images-device-restore-t3241170
Download from the link he provided.
2. Extract the .zip file that you downloaded.
3. Make a new folder called "rom"
4. Copy the META-INF folder from the folder you extracted and place it into the "rom" folder.
5. Download any other flashable rom for your device. Extract it.
6. Go to {EXTRACTED_FLASHABLE_ROM}\META-INF\com\google\android\update-binary in your flashable extracted rom folder. Copy the "update-binary" . Got to the "rom" folder and go to META-INF\com\google\android. Delete the update-binary there and replace it with the one you have copied.
7. Now copy the boot.img from the other rom that is for your device. And place it into the "rom" folder.
8. Now Finally Compress the all the files.
9. Now you will have a flashable system.img.
10. Go to TWRP and flash the .zip that you have just made!
Upytry2 said:
Here is how to do it...
1. Go to:
https://forum.xda-developers.com/tm.../lg-h901-stock-images-device-restore-t3241170
Download from the link he provided.
2. Extract the .zip file that you downloaded.
3. Make a new folder called "rom"
4. Copy the META-INF folder from the folder you extracted and place it into the "rom" folder.
5. Download any other flashable rom for your device. Extract it.
6. Go to {EXTRACTED_FLASHABLE_ROM}\META-INF\com\google\android\update-binary in your flashable extracted rom folder. Copy the "update-binary" . Got to the "rom" folder and go to META-INF\com\google\android. Delete the update-binary there and replace it with the one you have copied.
7. Now copy the boot.img from the other rom that is for your device. And place it into the "rom" folder.
8. Now Finally Compress the all the files.
9. Now you will have a flashable system.img.
10. Go to TWRP and flash the .zip that you have just made!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Trying that exactly when im home! Thank you!

HELP Softbrick - TP260 can still enter TWRP Recovery/SD

Attached i will have a link to my google drive with programs and zip files for everyone to use will explain further.
Okay I have a few problems going... here is what I have and have tried and the issues I have been having... I have log files and such saved too should you need those.
Synthoms: LGK20 PLUS aka TP260
- I needed a Binary update for SU... (never did get that to work) Somehow afterwards my phone would only reboot into Twrp Recovery on boot loop.
-I installed an Update SU file ( also didn't work) then the phone started booting into only fastboot.... ( I had a brief issue of it not connecting on ADB but I hade to just end task adb in the task menu (Crtl Alt Del in case somebody has same problem) Afterwards connected no problem.
-I have wiped datas and cache and all sorts of instuctions to no avail.. lol
_phone now boot immediately to fastboot but I am able to get to twrp recovery just fine
Whats Weird:
-I can see the device on the computer get onto the sd card add files and zip files and the computer recognizes it n o problem at all... but LG MOBILE SUPPORT LGUP LG Bridge and LG Flash Tool.... all do not recognize my phone.
-But no matter where I partition anything and no matter what recovery img or zip file I install... it just only wants to open into fastboot.... I'm sure it is a very simple operation to fix... maybe one of you have a restore file can put on the SD with mine that have done me no good? Any help would be appreciated hardcore lol and I appreciate the learning experience a per i have learned a lot..
Heres what I have collected in my attempts
A: I have a Twrp.img and Recovery.img (not sure if they are a recovery or boot partition)
B: I have ADB it connects to my device fine and I can even flash onto the phone but seems to not be helping lol
C: : LG Bridge and LG UP do not see that my phone is connected (all my drivers are updated)
D: I have a stock KTZ file for my phone but I have no programs to flash it except adb (the others will not recognize my phone except ADB
E: I am very sure Xposed may have something to do with this... I downloaded an uninstaller and the zip file will not flash error 555 or something like that.
F: I'm very sure I need a Boot.img?? this I know little about but I have a program to build one if I can figure out how lol.
G: My recoveries did not work :0(
H: None of my SU zips seem to be working (is why I believe Xposed is behind it lol.
I: There are commands you can put into the terminal in TWRP recovery ( I can get there will explain further later) to disable Xposed but they say to create a folder name \data\data\....ect ect... There is no way that the TWRP recovery will let me create folders so I'm at a loss there.....
Chances are there was software on the phone that allows the LG software on the computer to see it.
I'm not seeing the Google drive link, but if you wiped the system & data partitions in TWRP, then you have no OS.
Don't know if TWRP can flash a KTZ file, most 3rd party ROMs are ZIP.
Is it Tmobile or MetroPCS?
I assume you have read Aletron9000's thread https://forum.xda-developers.com/android/help/lg-k20-plus-how-to-flash-original-rom-t3632850/page1
It seems like it has a download mode similar to Samsung phones when using Odin. I have a OnePlus and its straight forward, TWRP (in twrp plugging into pc will bring up the device in file mode so you can copy rom and gapps zip files) and once I got twrp on my mom's galaxy s4 it was same process with LineageOS 14.1 and the phone runs 10x better.
I wish I knew if you could flash the KTZ file in twrp, but I doubt it.. If you can uncompress it in 7zip or winrar, then zip it again that may work. But if your just trying to install a factory image (assuming that's what a KTZ is) the the directions in the link above should get you there. Then for root either flash supersu (apparently Chinese controlled if that matters) or maybe better magisk 16 from twrp (and the newest magisk manager apk from within the Android, should still pass safety check, and can install alot of modules that I previously used xposed for.
Only trust the magisk on xda-developers
https://forum.xda-developers.com/apps/magisk/official-magisk-v7-universal-systemless-t3473445
Sent from my A0001 using Tapatalk
TP260 SOFT BRICK: Recovery File?
I am on a TMOBILE phone... I"M sure that's exactly what my problem is... I did read that post and have LGUP (will also be in my drive link) BUT it does me no good because it will not show up on the program for me to flash anything to it...
If I could get somebody to send me a recovery file I would be able to put it into my SD card then load it up will solve my entire issue lol.
I did consider trying magicks honestly but I do not know enough about it to switch over like that... Once I get my phone back I will research into it and let you guys now how my adventure turns out. lol.... I'm a research first kind of person hahaha....
FILES
Soon I will type up instuctions for each KIT I put together. That way all the instructions will be able to be found in one place which will help out a lot of people looking for LG UP or Recovery.img or Twrp.img plus a lot of other stuff including SU zip file ect,,,
https://drive.google.com/open?id=10OXHQtyZBCap7PaqiGZEEErmo_th8xFp
The KTZ file would not upload but if You want I will send it no problem at all Just ask. I will be adding a couple other things on there too probably.
I believe my best bet would be to take that KTZ file (bugger wouldn't load onto my DRIVE account lol) but I thin I will take that and convert it to a zip file and maybe give that a shot... But when I flash something like that does it go under the BOOT or RECOVERY partition? I undertand what a partigtion is but I'm not sure of the difference between the BOOT and RECOVERY idea .... is recovery out ROM and BOOT our OS system?

How to flash only stock recovery? how to convert "recovery.img.lz4" to "recovery.tar"

How to flash only stock recovery? how to convert "recovery.img.lz4" to "recovery.tar"
Hi all,
I am fairly newb in installing custom ROMs, so apologies if Im misusing any terms. Some time ago I wanted to move a priv-app to system-app, without rooting. I managed to flash TWRP on my Samsung S8 G-950F, and from there moved private app to system app.
Now I would like to go back to the stock recovery img, but I don't know how or if it's even possible. The reason behind this is that my company is deploying Android Work Profile and it is detecting the custom ROM (I assume it is specifically detecting the custom recovery partition)
I tried to find the respective recovery.img for my current stock ROM, but was unable to find it. I can only find for older versions, and from what I read, you can't install older recovery with newer ROM
I can only find the full stock ROM, in .tar.md5 format. opening this with 7zip, I can see the recovery.img.lz4
How do I flash this without altering the OS partition?
Thank you in advance,
Rhaswar
@Rhaswar
Look inside here.
thank you @jwoegerbauer, I have seen this article and it mentions a file called recovery.tar
I don't have that, what I have is the recovery.img.lz4
Is there a conversion that can be done?
Thank you
@Rhaswar
Watch this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfrMo1_Rgxc

Categories

Resources